{"id":4917,"date":"2025-01-19T06:48:34","date_gmt":"2025-01-19T06:48:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/?p=4917"},"modified":"2025-01-19T07:43:30","modified_gmt":"2025-01-19T07:43:30","slug":"optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/en\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Optimal design of reinforcement in reinforced concrete elements subject to central tension (1)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"4917\" class=\"elementor elementor-4917\" data-elementor-settings=\"{&quot;ha_cmc_init_switcher&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1642b6e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"1642b6e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e1f634 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6e1f634\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f8a6650 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f8a6650\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0640\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u062e\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0635\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ca1ffd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7ca1ffd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c69eb1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0c69eb1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ed7381 eael_simple_menu_hamburger_disable_selected_menu_no eael-simple-menu-hamburger-align-right eael-hamburger--tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-simple-menu\" data-id=\"7ed7381\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-simple-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n                        @media screen and (max-width: 1024px) {\n                            .eael-hamburger--tablet {\n                                .eael-simple-menu-horizontal,\n                                .eael-simple-menu-vertical {\n                                    display: none;\n                                }\n                            }\n                            .eael-hamburger--tablet {\n                                .eael-simple-menu-container .eael-simple-menu-toggle {\n                                    display: block;\n                                }\n                            }\n                        }\n                    <\/style>            <div data-hamburger-icon=\"&lt;svg aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-bars&quot; viewBox=&quot;0 0 448 512&quot; xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z&quot;&gt;&lt;\/path&gt;&lt;\/svg&gt;\" data-indicator-icon=\"&lt;svg aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down&quot; viewBox=&quot;0 0 320 512&quot; xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z&quot;&gt;&lt;\/path&gt;&lt;\/svg&gt;\" data-dropdown-indicator-icon=\"&lt;svg class=&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down&quot; viewBox=&quot;0 0 320 512&quot; xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z&quot;&gt;&lt;\/path&gt;&lt;\/svg&gt;\" class=\"eael-simple-menu-container eael-simple-menu-align-center eael-simple-menu-dropdown-align-right preset-1\" data-hamburger-breakpoints=\"{&quot;mobile&quot;:&quot;Mobile Portrait (&gt; 767px)&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;:&quot;Tablet Portrait (&gt; 1024px)&quot;,&quot;desktop&quot;:&quot;Desktop (&gt; 2400px)&quot;,&quot;none&quot;:&quot;None&quot;}\" data-hamburger-device=\"tablet\">\n                <ul id=\"menu-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9\" class=\"eael-simple-menu eael-simple-menu-dropdown-animate-to-top eael-simple-menu-indicator eael-simple-menu-horizontal\"><li id=\"menu-item-1977\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-1977\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-8\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-8\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<span role=\"button\" class=\"dropdown-menu-toggle ast-header-navigation-arrow\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\" aria-haspopup=\"true\"><\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-50\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-50\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-86\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-86\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%84%d8%a9\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-87\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-87\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 (\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a)<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-5160\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5160\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-88\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-88\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-89\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-89\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-90\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-90\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-9\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-9\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<span role=\"button\" class=\"dropdown-menu-toggle ast-header-navigation-arrow\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\" aria-haspopup=\"true\"><\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-110\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-110\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-111\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-111\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-112\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-112\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-113\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-113\"><a href=\"http:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%88\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-7047\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-7047\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-114\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-114\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-10\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-10\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%a9\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a<span role=\"button\" class=\"dropdown-menu-toggle ast-header-navigation-arrow\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\" aria-haspopup=\"true\"><\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-115\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-115\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-116\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-116\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-11\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-11\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%86\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a<span role=\"button\" class=\"dropdown-menu-toggle ast-header-navigation-arrow\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\" aria-haspopup=\"true\"><\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-117\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-117\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629-\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644-\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629-\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<span role=\"button\" class=\"dropdown-menu-toggle ast-header-navigation-arrow\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\" aria-haspopup=\"true\"><\/span><\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-776\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-776\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d8%a3%d9%81%d8%b6%d9%84-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%84%d8%a9\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-777\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-777\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d8%a3%d9%81%d8%b6%d9%84-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-778\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-778\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644-\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644-\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-780\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-780\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644-\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644-\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629-\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u062a\u0635\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 (\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a )<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-781\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-781\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644-\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644-\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-779\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-779\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644-\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644-\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629-\u0648-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-118\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-118\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%b7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-119\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-119\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-14\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-14\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-12\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-1710\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1710\"><a href=\"#pll_switcher\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>                <button class=\"eael-simple-menu-toggle\">\n                    <span class=\"sr-only \">Hamburger Toggle Menu<\/span>\n                    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-bars\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z\"><\/path><\/svg>                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n            \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-400c5652 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"400c5652\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77f62fb5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"77f62fb5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e02cbc3 elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"e02cbc3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-dot-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119.033 8 8 119.033 8 256s111.033 248 248 248 248-111.033 248-248S392.967 8 256 8zm80 248c0 44.112-35.888 80-80 80s-80-35.888-80-80 35.888-80 80-80 80 35.888 80 80z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Scientific research for the Faculty of Civil Engineering<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-dot-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119.033 8 8 119.033 8 256s111.033 248 248 248 248-111.033 248-248S392.967 8 256 8zm80 248c0 44.112-35.888 80-80 80s-80-35.888-80-80 35.888-80 80-80 80 35.888 80 80z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Scientific articles for the Faculty of Civil Engineering<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-dot-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119.033 8 8 119.033 8 256s111.033 248 248 248 248-111.033 248-248S392.967 8 256 8zm80 248c0 44.112-35.888 80-80 80s-80-35.888-80-80 35.888-80 80-80 80 35.888 80 80z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Scientific conferences for the Faculty of Civil Engineering<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-dot-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119.033 8 8 119.033 8 256s111.033 248 248 248 248-111.033 248-248S392.967 8 256 8zm80 248c0 44.112-35.888 80-80 80s-80-35.888-80-80 35.888-80 80-80 80 35.888 80 80z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Scientific resumes for the Faculty of Civil Engineering<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4330ea5f elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"4330ea5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?hl=en&#038;user=-oBycssAAAAJ\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Prof-Ahmad-abboud-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-4850\" alt=\"\u0623.\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?hl=en&#038;user=-oBycssAAAAJ\">Writer: Professor Dr. Ahmad Abboud<\/a><\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">civil Engineering Al-Wataniya  Private University.\n\n<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c105c0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"4c105c0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-583efac2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"583efac2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Listen to the summary:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11ff3c99 elementor-widget elementor-widget-wp-widget-media_audio\" data-id=\"11ff3c99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"wp-widget-media_audio.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-4917-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/english-D.mp3?_=1\" \/><source type=\"audio\/mpeg\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/english-D.mp3?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/english-D.mp3\">https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/english-D.mp3<\/a><\/audio>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c2a878b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3c2a878b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ecc6b5c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ecc6b5c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Scientific article title:<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"Qr7Oae\" role=\"listitem\"><div class=\"OxAavc NVbRL\" data-required=\"true\" data-item-id=\"333011458\"><div class=\"Ih4Dzb\"><div class=\"q4tvle JqSWld yqQS1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"textbox\" aria-label=\"\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 - \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 - \" aria-disabled=\"true\"><div class=\"Qr7Oae\" role=\"listitem\"><div class=\"OxAavc NVbRL\" data-required=\"true\" data-item-id=\"333011458\"><div class=\"Ih4Dzb\"><div class=\"q4tvle JqSWld yqQS1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"textbox\" aria-label=\"\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 - \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 - \" aria-disabled=\"true\"><div class=\"Qr7Oae\" role=\"listitem\"><div class=\"OxAavc NVbRL\" data-required=\"true\" data-item-id=\"445062319\"><div class=\"Ih4Dzb\"><div class=\"q4tvle JqSWld yqQS1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"textbox\" aria-label=\"\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 - English - \" aria-disabled=\"true\"><div class=\"Qr7Oae\" role=\"listitem\"><div class=\"OxAavc NVbRL\" data-required=\"true\" data-item-id=\"445062319\"><div class=\"Ih4Dzb\"><div class=\"q4tvle JqSWld yqQS1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"textbox\" aria-label=\"\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 - English - \" aria-disabled=\"true\">Optimal design of reinforcement in reinforced concrete elements subject to central tension (1)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"Qr7Oae\" role=\"listitem\"><div class=\"OxAavc NVbRL\" data-required=\"true\" data-item-id=\"1894701789\"><div class=\"pYfr3c\"><div class=\"prOLdf\"><div class=\"g53bl\"><div class=\"cTDvob D1wxyf RjsPE\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" aria-describedby=\"i.desc.1894701789 c5085\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"Qr7Oae\" role=\"listitem\"><div class=\"OxAavc NVbRL\" data-required=\"true\" data-item-id=\"1894701789\"><div class=\"pYfr3c\"><div class=\"prOLdf\"><div class=\"g53bl\"><div class=\"cTDvob D1wxyf RjsPE\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" aria-describedby=\"i.desc.1894701789 c4865\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"Qr7Oae\" role=\"listitem\"><div class=\"OxAavc NVbRL\" data-required=\"true\" data-item-id=\"445062319\"><div class=\"pYfr3c\"><div class=\"prOLdf\"><div class=\"g53bl\"><div class=\"cTDvob D1wxyf RjsPE\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" aria-describedby=\"i.desc.445062319 c517\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7635512c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7635512c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Summary:<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"Qr7Oae\" role=\"listitem\"><div class=\"OxAavc NVbRL\" data-required=\"true\" data-item-id=\"792633233\"><div class=\"Ih4Dzb\"><div class=\"q4tvle JqSWld yqQS1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"textbox\" aria-label=\"\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 - English - \" aria-disabled=\"true\"><div class=\"Qr7Oae\" role=\"listitem\"><div class=\"OxAavc NVbRL\" data-required=\"true\" data-item-id=\"792633233\"><div class=\"Ih4Dzb\"><div class=\"q4tvle JqSWld yqQS1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"textbox\" aria-label=\"\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 - English - \" aria-disabled=\"true\"><div class=\"Qr7Oae\" role=\"listitem\"><div class=\"OxAavc NVbRL\" data-required=\"true\" data-item-id=\"792633233\"><div class=\"Ih4Dzb\"><div class=\"q4tvle JqSWld yqQS1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"textbox\" aria-label=\"\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\/\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 - English - \" aria-disabled=\"true\"><div class=\"Qr7Oae\" role=\"listitem\"><div class=\"OxAavc NVbRL\" data-required=\"true\" data-item-id=\"792633233\"><div class=\"Ih4Dzb\"><div class=\"q4tvle JqSWld yqQS1\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"textbox\" aria-label=\" \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635  \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 - English - \" aria-disabled=\"true\">Tensioned reinforced concrete elements are widely used in the design and implementation of reinforced concrete structures, in various conditions and investment terms, and in different environments. When these elements are used in environments that are harmful to reinforcing steel, cracks are usually prevented in the concrete in order to protect the reinforcing steel. The calculation is made on the assumption that the concrete is not cracked, and therefore it works together with the reinforcement to resist external loads. When used in environments that are not harmful to the reinforcement, cracks are allowed to form in the concrete, and the concrete is not working, and thus the reinforcement works alone. Many engineers make a mistake, believing that the bearing capacity of the element in the first case is greater than the bearing capacity of the similar element, working in the second case. The first part includes the calculation principle and the second part includes different examples of calculation, covering all possible cases of reinforced or prestressed concrete members.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"Qr7Oae\" role=\"listitem\"><div class=\"OxAavc\" data-required=\"true\" data-input=\"L9xHkb\" data-item-id=\"1989435480\"><div class=\"pYfr3c\"><div class=\"prOLdf\"><div class=\"g53bl\"><div id=\"c234\" class=\"cTDvob D1wxyf RjsPE\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" aria-describedby=\"i.desc.1989435480 c238\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"Qr7Oae\" role=\"listitem\"><div class=\"OxAavc NVbRL\" data-required=\"true\" data-item-id=\"1063999535\"><div class=\"pYfr3c\"><div class=\"prOLdf\"><div class=\"g53bl\"><div class=\"cTDvob D1wxyf RjsPE\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" aria-describedby=\"i.desc.1063999535 c5092\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"Qr7Oae\" role=\"listitem\"><div class=\"OxAavc NVbRL\" data-required=\"true\" data-item-id=\"1063999535\"><div class=\"pYfr3c\"><div class=\"prOLdf\"><div class=\"g53bl\"><div class=\"cTDvob D1wxyf RjsPE\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" aria-describedby=\"i.desc.1063999535 c4872\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"Qr7Oae\" role=\"listitem\"><div class=\"OxAavc NVbRL\" data-required=\"true\" data-item-id=\"1063999535\"><div class=\"pYfr3c\"><div class=\"prOLdf\"><div class=\"g53bl\"><div class=\"cTDvob D1wxyf RjsPE\" role=\"heading\" aria-level=\"3\" aria-describedby=\"i.desc.1063999535 c6647\">\u00a0<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c9f23d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7c9f23d6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Search link :<\/strong>\u00a0 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #333399;\"><em><strong><a style=\"color: #333399; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631-\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644-\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u062d-\u062f-\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f-\u0639\u0628\u0648\u062f-1-ammar-abboud.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click to view<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d684670 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3d684670\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17dde830 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"17dde830\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb42e0b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cb42e0b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-270e4f1a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"270e4f1a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-548d8ce6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"548d8ce6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c8756ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2c8756ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Al-Wataniya Private University<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b41981 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9b41981\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>It was established in 2007 and includes six colleges:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><a style=\"color: #993300;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86\/\">Faculty of Dentistry<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><a style=\"color: #993300;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%84%d8%a9\/\">Faculty of Pharmacy<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><a style=\"color: #993300;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9\/\">Faculty of Engineering (Informatics and Communications)<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><a style=\"color: #993300;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9\/\">Faculty of Civil Engineering<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><a style=\"color: #993300;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9\/\">Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><a style=\"color: #993300;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9\/\">Faculty of Administrative and Financial Sciences<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35c23c83 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"35c23c83\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2aed75b0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2aed75b0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Related sites:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e368b9e elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"4e368b9e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-wordpress\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M61.7 169.4l101.5 278C92.2 413 43.3 340.2 43.3 256c0-30.9 6.6-60.1 18.4-86.6zm337.9 75.9c0-26.3-9.4-44.5-17.5-58.7-10.8-17.5-20.9-32.4-20.9-49.9 0-19.6 14.8-37.8 35.7-37.8.9 0 1.8.1 2.8.2-37.9-34.7-88.3-55.9-143.7-55.9-74.3 0-139.7 38.1-177.8 95.9 5 .2 9.7.3 13.7.3 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l77.5 230.4L249.8 247l-33.1-90.8c-11.5-.7-22.3-2-22.3-2-11.5-.7-10.1-18.2 1.3-17.5 0 0 35.1 2.7 56 2.7 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l76.9 228.7 21.2-70.9c9-29.4 16-50.5 16-68.7zm-139.9 29.3l-63.8 185.5c19.1 5.6 39.2 8.7 60.1 8.7 24.8 0 48.5-4.3 70.6-12.1-.6-.9-1.1-1.9-1.5-2.9l-65.4-179.2zm183-120.7c.9 6.8 1.4 14 1.4 21.9 0 21.6-4 45.8-16.2 76.2l-65 187.9C426.2 403 468.7 334.5 468.7 256c0-37-9.4-71.8-26-102.1zM504 256c0 136.8-111.3 248-248 248C119.2 504 8 392.7 8 256 8 119.2 119.2 8 256 8c136.7 0 248 111.2 248 248zm-11.4 0c0-130.5-106.2-236.6-236.6-236.6C125.5 19.4 19.4 125.5 19.4 256S125.6 492.6 256 492.6c130.5 0 236.6-106.1 236.6-236.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Al-Wataniya  Private University website<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/library.wpu.edu.sy\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-wordpress\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M61.7 169.4l101.5 278C92.2 413 43.3 340.2 43.3 256c0-30.9 6.6-60.1 18.4-86.6zm337.9 75.9c0-26.3-9.4-44.5-17.5-58.7-10.8-17.5-20.9-32.4-20.9-49.9 0-19.6 14.8-37.8 35.7-37.8.9 0 1.8.1 2.8.2-37.9-34.7-88.3-55.9-143.7-55.9-74.3 0-139.7 38.1-177.8 95.9 5 .2 9.7.3 13.7.3 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l77.5 230.4L249.8 247l-33.1-90.8c-11.5-.7-22.3-2-22.3-2-11.5-.7-10.1-18.2 1.3-17.5 0 0 35.1 2.7 56 2.7 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l76.9 228.7 21.2-70.9c9-29.4 16-50.5 16-68.7zm-139.9 29.3l-63.8 185.5c19.1 5.6 39.2 8.7 60.1 8.7 24.8 0 48.5-4.3 70.6-12.1-.6-.9-1.1-1.9-1.5-2.9l-65.4-179.2zm183-120.7c.9 6.8 1.4 14 1.4 21.9 0 21.6-4 45.8-16.2 76.2l-65 187.9C426.2 403 468.7 334.5 468.7 256c0-37-9.4-71.8-26-102.1zM504 256c0 136.8-111.3 248-248 248C119.2 504 8 392.7 8 256 8 119.2 119.2 8 256 8c136.7 0 248 111.2 248 248zm-11.4 0c0-130.5-106.2-236.6-236.6-236.6C125.5 19.4 19.4 125.5 19.4 256S125.6 492.6 256 492.6c130.5 0 236.6-106.1 236.6-236.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Al-Wataniya Private University Digital Library website<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-wordpress\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M61.7 169.4l101.5 278C92.2 413 43.3 340.2 43.3 256c0-30.9 6.6-60.1 18.4-86.6zm337.9 75.9c0-26.3-9.4-44.5-17.5-58.7-10.8-17.5-20.9-32.4-20.9-49.9 0-19.6 14.8-37.8 35.7-37.8.9 0 1.8.1 2.8.2-37.9-34.7-88.3-55.9-143.7-55.9-74.3 0-139.7 38.1-177.8 95.9 5 .2 9.7.3 13.7.3 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l77.5 230.4L249.8 247l-33.1-90.8c-11.5-.7-22.3-2-22.3-2-11.5-.7-10.1-18.2 1.3-17.5 0 0 35.1 2.7 56 2.7 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l76.9 228.7 21.2-70.9c9-29.4 16-50.5 16-68.7zm-139.9 29.3l-63.8 185.5c19.1 5.6 39.2 8.7 60.1 8.7 24.8 0 48.5-4.3 70.6-12.1-.6-.9-1.1-1.9-1.5-2.9l-65.4-179.2zm183-120.7c.9 6.8 1.4 14 1.4 21.9 0 21.6-4 45.8-16.2 76.2l-65 187.9C426.2 403 468.7 334.5 468.7 256c0-37-9.4-71.8-26-102.1zM504 256c0 136.8-111.3 248-248 248C119.2 504 8 392.7 8 256 8 119.2 119.2 8 256 8c136.7 0 248 111.2 248 248zm-11.4 0c0-130.5-106.2-236.6-236.6-236.6C125.5 19.4 19.4 125.5 19.4 256S125.6 492.6 256 492.6c130.5 0 236.6-106.1 236.6-236.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Al-Wataniya Private University Academic Oasis website<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-wordpress\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M61.7 169.4l101.5 278C92.2 413 43.3 340.2 43.3 256c0-30.9 6.6-60.1 18.4-86.6zm337.9 75.9c0-26.3-9.4-44.5-17.5-58.7-10.8-17.5-20.9-32.4-20.9-49.9 0-19.6 14.8-37.8 35.7-37.8.9 0 1.8.1 2.8.2-37.9-34.7-88.3-55.9-143.7-55.9-74.3 0-139.7 38.1-177.8 95.9 5 .2 9.7.3 13.7.3 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l77.5 230.4L249.8 247l-33.1-90.8c-11.5-.7-22.3-2-22.3-2-11.5-.7-10.1-18.2 1.3-17.5 0 0 35.1 2.7 56 2.7 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l76.9 228.7 21.2-70.9c9-29.4 16-50.5 16-68.7zm-139.9 29.3l-63.8 185.5c19.1 5.6 39.2 8.7 60.1 8.7 24.8 0 48.5-4.3 70.6-12.1-.6-.9-1.1-1.9-1.5-2.9l-65.4-179.2zm183-120.7c.9 6.8 1.4 14 1.4 21.9 0 21.6-4 45.8-16.2 76.2l-65 187.9C426.2 403 468.7 334.5 468.7 256c0-37-9.4-71.8-26-102.1zM504 256c0 136.8-111.3 248-248 248C119.2 504 8 392.7 8 256 8 119.2 119.2 8 256 8c136.7 0 248 111.2 248 248zm-11.4 0c0-130.5-106.2-236.6-236.6-236.6C125.5 19.4 19.4 125.5 19.4 256S125.6 492.6 256 492.6c130.5 0 236.6-106.1 236.6-236.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Al-Waha student website of Al-Wataniya Private University<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-wordpress\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M61.7 169.4l101.5 278C92.2 413 43.3 340.2 43.3 256c0-30.9 6.6-60.1 18.4-86.6zm337.9 75.9c0-26.3-9.4-44.5-17.5-58.7-10.8-17.5-20.9-32.4-20.9-49.9 0-19.6 14.8-37.8 35.7-37.8.9 0 1.8.1 2.8.2-37.9-34.7-88.3-55.9-143.7-55.9-74.3 0-139.7 38.1-177.8 95.9 5 .2 9.7.3 13.7.3 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l77.5 230.4L249.8 247l-33.1-90.8c-11.5-.7-22.3-2-22.3-2-11.5-.7-10.1-18.2 1.3-17.5 0 0 35.1 2.7 56 2.7 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l76.9 228.7 21.2-70.9c9-29.4 16-50.5 16-68.7zm-139.9 29.3l-63.8 185.5c19.1 5.6 39.2 8.7 60.1 8.7 24.8 0 48.5-4.3 70.6-12.1-.6-.9-1.1-1.9-1.5-2.9l-65.4-179.2zm183-120.7c.9 6.8 1.4 14 1.4 21.9 0 21.6-4 45.8-16.2 76.2l-65 187.9C426.2 403 468.7 334.5 468.7 256c0-37-9.4-71.8-26-102.1zM504 256c0 136.8-111.3 248-248 248C119.2 504 8 392.7 8 256 8 119.2 119.2 8 256 8c136.7 0 248 111.2 248 248zm-11.4 0c0-130.5-106.2-236.6-236.6-236.6C125.5 19.4 19.4 125.5 19.4 256S125.6 492.6 256 492.6c130.5 0 236.6-106.1 236.6-236.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Student portal website<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-694c9863 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"694c9863\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-78413aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"78413aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">for communication:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-655a7eb7 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"655a7eb7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-map-marker-alt\" viewBox=\"0 0 384 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M172.268 501.67C26.97 291.031 0 269.413 0 192 0 85.961 85.961 0 192 0s192 85.961 192 192c0 77.413-26.97 99.031-172.268 309.67-9.535 13.774-29.93 13.773-39.464 0zM192 272c44.183 0 80-35.817 80-80s-35.817-80-80-80-80 35.817-80 80 35.817 80 80 80z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Syria - Hama Governorate - International Road Homs-Hama<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-phone\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M493.4 24.6l-104-24c-11.3-2.6-22.9 3.3-27.5 13.9l-48 112c-4.2 9.8-1.4 21.3 6.9 28l60.6 49.6c-36 76.7-98.9 140.5-177.2 177.2l-49.6-60.6c-6.8-8.3-18.2-11.1-28-6.9l-112 48C3.9 366.5-2 378.1.6 389.4l24 104C27.1 504.2 36.7 512 48 512c256.1 0 464-207.5 464-464 0-11.2-7.7-20.9-18.6-23.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">0096334589094<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-phone\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M493.4 24.6l-104-24c-11.3-2.6-22.9 3.3-27.5 13.9l-48 112c-4.2 9.8-1.4 21.3 6.9 28l60.6 49.6c-36 76.7-98.9 140.5-177.2 177.2l-49.6-60.6c-6.8-8.3-18.2-11.1-28-6.9l-112 48C3.9 366.5-2 378.1.6 389.4l24 104C27.1 504.2 36.7 512 48 512c256.1 0 464-207.5 464-464 0-11.2-7.7-20.9-18.6-23.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">00963335033<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-mail-bulk\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M160 448c-25.6 0-51.2-22.4-64-32-64-44.8-83.2-60.8-96-70.4V480c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h256c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V345.6c-12.8 9.6-32 25.6-96 70.4-12.8 9.6-38.4 32-64 32zm128-192H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v16c25.6 19.2 22.4 19.2 115.2 86.4 9.6 6.4 28.8 25.6 44.8 25.6s35.2-19.2 44.8-22.4c92.8-67.2 89.6-67.2 115.2-86.4V288c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32zm256-96H224c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32h96c33.21 0 60.59 25.42 63.71 57.82l.29-.22V416h192c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V192c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32zm-32 128h-64v-64h64v64zm-352-96c0-35.29 28.71-64 64-64h224V32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32H96C78.33 0 64 14.33 64 32v192h96v-32z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">info@wpu.edu.sy<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23afd18e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"23afd18e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4009dac4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-google_maps\" data-id=\"4009dac4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"google_maps.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-custom-embed\">\n\t\t\t<iframe loading=\"lazy\"\n\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/maps.google.com\/maps?q=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A9&#038;t=m&#038;z=9&#038;output=embed&#038;iwloc=near\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttitle=\"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\"\n\t\t\t><\/iframe>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1969c005 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1969c005\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 2023<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0640\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u062e\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0635\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4928,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_canvas","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[245],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4917","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-all-en"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Optimal design of reinforcement in reinforced concrete elements subject to central tension (1) - \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Optimal design of reinforcement in reinforced concrete elements subject to central tension (1)\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/en\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Optimal design of reinforcement in reinforced concrete elements subject to central tension (1) - \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Optimal design of reinforcement in reinforced concrete elements subject to central tension (1)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/en\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-01-19T06:48:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-01-19T07:43:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/prof-ahmad-abood.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"wm\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"wm\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/en\\\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/en\\\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"wm\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/cd62cf12621cb2c6909e28ee3a685bca\"},\"headline\":\"Optimal design of reinforcement in reinforced concrete elements subject to central tension (1)\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-01-19T06:48:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-01-19T07:43:30+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/en\\\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":330,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/en\\\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/EN-DR.ahmad-aboud.jpg.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"all\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/en\\\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/en\\\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/en\\\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\\\/\",\"name\":\"Optimal design of reinforcement in reinforced concrete elements subject to central tension (1) - \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/en\\\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/en\\\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/EN-DR.ahmad-aboud.jpg.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-01-19T06:48:34+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-01-19T07:43:30+00:00\",\"description\":\"Optimal design of reinforcement in reinforced concrete elements subject to central tension (1)\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/en\\\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/en\\\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/en\\\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/EN-DR.ahmad-aboud.jpg.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/EN-DR.ahmad-aboud.jpg.png\",\"width\":600,\"height\":337},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/en\\\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Optimal design of reinforcement in reinforced concrete elements subject to central tension (1)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\",\"description\":\"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ar\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/12\\\/logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/12\\\/logo.png\",\"width\":156,\"height\":40,\"caption\":\"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/cd62cf12621cb2c6909e28ee3a685bca\",\"name\":\"wm\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ar\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/efbb48e3773651585065f833cf29eacdc986657978938724f14b2e3352af8149?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/efbb48e3773651585065f833cf29eacdc986657978938724f14b2e3352af8149?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/efbb48e3773651585065f833cf29eacdc986657978938724f14b2e3352af8149?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"wm\"},\"description\":\"\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/wpu.edu.sy\\\/wpua\\\/author\\\/wpu1ad2\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Optimal design of reinforcement in reinforced concrete elements subject to central tension (1) - \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629","description":"Optimal design of reinforcement in reinforced concrete elements subject to central tension (1)","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/en\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\/","og_locale":"ar_AR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Optimal design of reinforcement in reinforced concrete elements subject to central tension (1) - \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629","og_description":"Optimal design of reinforcement in reinforced concrete elements subject to central tension (1)","og_url":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/en\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\/","og_site_name":"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629","article_published_time":"2025-01-19T06:48:34+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-01-19T07:43:30+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/prof-ahmad-abood.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"author":"wm","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u0643\u064f\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629":"wm","\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631":"4 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/en\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/en\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\/"},"author":{"name":"wm","@id":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/#\/schema\/person\/cd62cf12621cb2c6909e28ee3a685bca"},"headline":"Optimal design of reinforcement in reinforced concrete elements subject to central tension (1)","datePublished":"2025-01-19T06:48:34+00:00","dateModified":"2025-01-19T07:43:30+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/en\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\/"},"wordCount":330,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/en\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/EN-DR.ahmad-aboud.jpg.png","articleSection":["all"],"inLanguage":"ar","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/en\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/en\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\/","url":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/en\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\/","name":"Optimal design of reinforcement in reinforced concrete elements subject to central tension (1) - \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/en\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/en\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/EN-DR.ahmad-aboud.jpg.png","datePublished":"2025-01-19T06:48:34+00:00","dateModified":"2025-01-19T07:43:30+00:00","description":"Optimal design of reinforcement in reinforced concrete elements subject to central tension (1)","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/en\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ar","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/en\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/en\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/EN-DR.ahmad-aboud.jpg.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/EN-DR.ahmad-aboud.jpg.png","width":600,"height":337},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/en\/optimal-design-of-reinforcement-in-reinforced-concrete-elements-subject-to-central-tension-1\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629","item":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Optimal design of reinforcement in reinforced concrete elements subject to central tension (1)"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/#website","url":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/","name":"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629","description":"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/#organization"},"alternateName":"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ar"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/#organization","name":"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629","url":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/logo.png","width":156,"height":40,"caption":"\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/#\/schema\/person\/cd62cf12621cb2c6909e28ee3a685bca","name":"wm","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ar","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/efbb48e3773651585065f833cf29eacdc986657978938724f14b2e3352af8149?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/efbb48e3773651585065f833cf29eacdc986657978938724f14b2e3352af8149?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/efbb48e3773651585065f833cf29eacdc986657978938724f14b2e3352af8149?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"wm"},"description":"\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629","url":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/author\/wpu1ad2\/"}]}},"rttpg_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/EN-DR.ahmad-aboud.jpg.png",600,337,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/EN-DR.ahmad-aboud.jpg.png",600,337,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/EN-DR.ahmad-aboud.jpg.png",600,337,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/EN-DR.ahmad-aboud.jpg-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/EN-DR.ahmad-aboud.jpg-300x169.png",300,169,true],"large":["https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/EN-DR.ahmad-aboud.jpg.png",600,337,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/EN-DR.ahmad-aboud.jpg.png",600,337,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/EN-DR.ahmad-aboud.jpg.png",600,337,false]},"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"wm","author_link":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/author\/wpu1ad2\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"<a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/en\/category\/all-en\/\" rel=\"category tag\">all<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"\u0627\u0644\u0640\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u062e\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0635\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a [&hellip;]","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4917","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4917"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4917\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4928"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4917"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4917"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4917"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}