{"id":5906,"date":"2025-05-19T10:03:05","date_gmt":"2025-05-19T10:03:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/?p=5906"},"modified":"2025-05-24T09:10:57","modified_gmt":"2025-05-24T09:10:57","slug":"%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0635 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data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0640\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u062e\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0635\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bff7374 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bff7374\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-113\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-113\"><a href=\"http:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%88\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-7047\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-7047\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-114\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-114\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-10\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-10\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%a9\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a<span role=\"button\" class=\"dropdown-menu-toggle ast-header-navigation-arrow\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\" aria-haspopup=\"true\"><\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-115\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-115\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-116\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-116\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a 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href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629-\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644-\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629-\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<span role=\"button\" class=\"dropdown-menu-toggle ast-header-navigation-arrow\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\" aria-haspopup=\"true\"><\/span><\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-776\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-776\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d8%a3%d9%81%d8%b6%d9%84-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%84%d8%a9\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-777\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-777\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d8%a3%d9%81%d8%b6%d9%84-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-778\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-778\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644-\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644-\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-780\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-780\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644-\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644-\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629-\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u062a\u0635\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 (\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a )<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-781\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-781\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644-\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644-\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-779\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-779\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644-\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644-\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629-\u0648-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-118\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-118\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%b7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-119\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-119\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-14\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-14\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-12\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-1710\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1710\"><a href=\"#pll_switcher\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>                <button class=\"eael-simple-menu-toggle\">\n                    <span class=\"sr-only \">Hamburger Toggle Menu<\/span>\n                    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-bars\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z\"><\/path><\/svg>                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n            \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b58163a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b58163a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4fddd9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a4fddd9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b1ac23 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0b1ac23\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb04828 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"eb04828\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b186fca elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b186fca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-beff9bc elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"beff9bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?hl=en&#038;user=w7ZGQvUAAAAJ\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/IMG_20231021_174814_799-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-5608\" alt=\"\u062f. \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0634\u062c\u064a\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/IMG_20231021_174814_799-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/IMG_20231021_174814_799-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/IMG_20231021_174814_799-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/IMG_20231021_174814_799-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/IMG_20231021_174814_799-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/IMG_20231021_174814_799-2048x2048.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?hl=en&#038;user=w7ZGQvUAAAAJ\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: \u062f. \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0634\u062c\u064a  <\/a><\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 - \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\n<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8575691 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"8575691\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e4b4d4 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"9e4b4d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-dot-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119.033 8 8 119.033 8 256s111.033 248 248 248 248-111.033 248-248S392.967 8 256 8zm80 248c0 44.112-35.888 80-80 80s-80-35.888-80-80 35.888-80 80-80 80 35.888 80 80z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-dot-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119.033 8 8 119.033 8 256s111.033 248 248 248 248-111.033 248-248S392.967 8 256 8zm80 248c0 44.112-35.888 80-80 80s-80-35.888-80-80 35.888-80 80-80 80 35.888 80 80z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-dot-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119.033 8 8 119.033 8 256s111.033 248 248 248 248-111.033 248-248S392.967 8 256 8zm80 248c0 44.112-35.888 80-80 80s-80-35.888-80-80 35.888-80 80-80 80 35.888 80 80z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-dot-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119.033 8 8 119.033 8 256s111.033 248 248 248 248-111.033 248-248S392.967 8 256 8zm80 248c0 44.112-35.888 80-80 80s-80-35.888-80-80 35.888-80 80-80 80 35.888 80 80z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-106d921 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"106d921\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0563211 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0563211\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54d2fe8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"54d2fe8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0642\u0648\u0634\u062c\u064a<\/strong><\/p><p>\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062d\u0648\u0651\u064e\u0644\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064d \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064d \u0646\u0627\u0645\u064d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064d \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064d \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642.<\/p><p>\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u064f\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u064d \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629.\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u064a\u064f\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. <\/strong><\/p><p><strong>1-\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a:<\/strong><\/p><p>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 60 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2010 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 12 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2023\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (World Bank, 2023). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 75% \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 (IMF, 2023).<\/p><p><strong>1.1\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0648\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641:<\/strong><\/p><p>\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2024 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 150%\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (IMF, 2024). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 15000 \u0644\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0640 11000 \u0644\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 (CBOS, 2024).<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2010 \u06482023\/2024<\/strong><\/p><table><tbody><tr><td><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><strong>2010<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><strong>2024<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631<\/strong><strong> (%)<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a (\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631)<\/p><\/td><td><p>60<\/p><\/td><td><p>12<\/p><\/td><td><p>-80%<\/p><\/td><td><p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (%)<\/p><\/td><td><p>100<\/p><\/td><td><p>25<\/p><\/td><td><p>-75%<\/p><\/td><td><p>\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a (%)<\/p><\/td><td><p>5<\/p><\/td><td><p>150<\/p><\/td><td><p>+2900%<\/p><\/td><td><p>\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\/\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631<\/p><\/td><td><p>47<\/p><\/td><td><p>11000<\/p><\/td><td><p>+18,000%<\/p><\/td><td><p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><strong>1.2\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a:<\/strong><\/p><p>\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 400 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 (World Bank, 2024). \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0631\u0624\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p><strong>1.3\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p><p>\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644. \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p><p><strong>1.3.1\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a: <\/strong><\/p><p>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 BP Statistical Review of World Energy (2024)\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 385,000 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 25,000 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a 2023 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a \u0628\u0640 2.5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 (EIA, 2023). \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0640 8.5 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0639\u0628 (BP, 2024).\u00a0<\/p><p>\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 100,000 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 (IMF, 2024).<\/p><p><strong>1.3.2\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646:<\/strong><\/p><p>\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 US Geological Survey (2023)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 1.8 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0646\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0640 30 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a P<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub> \u0639\u0644\u0649 18% \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062b\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0645..) (\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f 2010).<\/p><p>\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064f \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2010 \u0643\u0627\u0646 3.5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0627\u0645 (2023) \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 500 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0637\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 (World Bank, 2024)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 70% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 (UNCTAD, 2024).\u00a0<\/p><p>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0640 1 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631.<\/p><p><strong>1.3.3\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><\/p><p>\u062a\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 FAO (2024)\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 20% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 40% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c 1.7 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b (\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0646 4 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0646 \u0641\u064a 2010) \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d \u0644\u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0640 700 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0637\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b (FAO, 2024). \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 80 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0637\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0640 300 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0637\u0646 \u0641\u064a 2010.\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2010 \u06482023<\/strong> <strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u06412027 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/p><table style=\"height: 671px;\" width=\"614\"><tbody><tr><td width=\"132\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"65\"><p><strong>2010<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"59\"><p><strong>2023<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><strong>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631%<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"64\"><p><strong>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 2027<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"62\"><p><strong>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631%<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"176\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"132\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 (\u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644\/\u064a\u0648\u0645)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"65\"><p>385,000<\/p><\/td><td width=\"59\"><p>25,000<\/p><\/td><td><p>-93%<\/p><\/td><td width=\"64\"><p>100,000<\/p><\/td><td width=\"62\"><p>+3%<\/p><\/td><td width=\"176\"><p>EIA (2023)\u060c IMF (2024)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"132\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a (\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0646\/\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"65\"><p>3.5<\/p><\/td><td width=\"59\"><p>0.5<\/p><\/td><td><p>-86%<\/p><\/td><td width=\"64\"><p>3.0<\/p><\/td><td width=\"62\"><p>+5%<\/p><\/td><td width=\"176\"><p>USGS(2023)\u060c UNCTAD(2024)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"132\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d (\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0646\/\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"65\"><p>4.0<\/p><\/td><td width=\"59\"><p>1.7<\/p><\/td><td><p>-57%<\/p><\/td><td width=\"64\"><p>2.5<\/p><\/td><td width=\"62\"><p>+0.47%<\/p><\/td><td width=\"176\"><p>FAO (2024)\u060c IFAD (2024)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"132\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0646 (\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0637\u0646\/\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"65\"><p>300<\/p><\/td><td width=\"59\"><p>80<\/p><\/td><td><p>-73%<\/p><\/td><td width=\"64\"><p>150<\/p><\/td><td width=\"62\"><p>+0.87%<\/p><\/td><td width=\"176\"><p>FAO (2024)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0646 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\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a (EIA, 2024). \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 2 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/li><li>\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645.<\/li><li>\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629.<\/li><\/ol><p>\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a UNCTAD (2024)\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 3-5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 3: \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p><table width=\"629\"><tbody><tr><td width=\"83\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"136\"><p><strong>\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 <\/strong><strong>(2023)<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"126\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641<\/strong><strong> (2027)<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"173\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"83\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"136\"><p>\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c 25,000 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644\/\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/p><\/td><td width=\"126\"><p>100,000 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644\/\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/p><\/td><td width=\"173\"><p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 2 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/p><\/td><td><p>IMF (2024)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"83\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"136\"><p>\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a 150 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631<\/p><\/td><td width=\"126\"><p>1 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631<\/p><\/td><td width=\"173\"><p>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 70%<\/p><\/td><td><p>UNCTAD(2024)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"83\"><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td width=\"136\"><p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f 50% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u062d<\/p><\/td><td width=\"126\"><p>\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 80%<\/p><\/td><td width=\"173\"><p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 500 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/p><\/td><td><p>FAO (2024)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b (Surfactants) \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p><strong>\u062b- <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0641\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p><p>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0645 (STPP)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 STPP)) \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 3.5 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 (UNCTAD, 2024) \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 STPP\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0625\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a (World Bank, 2024).\u00a0<\/p><p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f STPP \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 200 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 (IMF, 2024).\u00a0<\/p><p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 STPP \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p>\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f.<\/p><p>\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 200 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 500 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b (WTO, 2024).\u00a0<\/p><p>\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p><p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 &#8211; \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p><p>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629.<\/p><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>(\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f 2010) \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 26 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 3+4.<\/li><li>BP Statistical Review of World Energy. (2024). \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627.<\/li><li>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (EIA). (2023). \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (World Bank). (2023\u060c 2024). \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a (CBOS). (2024). \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li><li>\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f. (2010). &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629&#8221;. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 26\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 3+4<\/li><li>\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a (IMF). (2023\u060c 2024). \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637.<\/li><li>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 (FAO). (2024). \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627.<\/li><li>\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 (UNCTAD). (2023\u060c 2024). \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/li><li>\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (USGS). (2023). \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3efb1b6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3efb1b6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc04104 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cc04104\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6f6b40 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f6f6b40\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd3e43e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cd3e43e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-488392e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"488392e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e90712d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e90712d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3e6baa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f3e6baa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2007 \u0648 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u00a0 \u0633\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a :<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #0076af;\"><a style=\"color: #0076af;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #0076af;\"><a style=\"color: #0076af;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%84%d8%a9\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #0076af;\"><a style=\"color: #0076af;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a )<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #0076af;\"><a style=\"color: #0076af;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #0076af;\"><a style=\"color: #0076af;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #0076af;\"><a style=\"color: #0076af;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4f2557 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a4f2557\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5de20a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5de20a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6689613 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"6689613\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-wordpress\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M61.7 169.4l101.5 278C92.2 413 43.3 340.2 43.3 256c0-30.9 6.6-60.1 18.4-86.6zm337.9 75.9c0-26.3-9.4-44.5-17.5-58.7-10.8-17.5-20.9-32.4-20.9-49.9 0-19.6 14.8-37.8 35.7-37.8.9 0 1.8.1 2.8.2-37.9-34.7-88.3-55.9-143.7-55.9-74.3 0-139.7 38.1-177.8 95.9 5 .2 9.7.3 13.7.3 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l77.5 230.4L249.8 247l-33.1-90.8c-11.5-.7-22.3-2-22.3-2-11.5-.7-10.1-18.2 1.3-17.5 0 0 35.1 2.7 56 2.7 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l76.9 228.7 21.2-70.9c9-29.4 16-50.5 16-68.7zm-139.9 29.3l-63.8 185.5c19.1 5.6 39.2 8.7 60.1 8.7 24.8 0 48.5-4.3 70.6-12.1-.6-.9-1.1-1.9-1.5-2.9l-65.4-179.2zm183-120.7c.9 6.8 1.4 14 1.4 21.9 0 21.6-4 45.8-16.2 76.2l-65 187.9C426.2 403 468.7 334.5 468.7 256c0-37-9.4-71.8-26-102.1zM504 256c0 136.8-111.3 248-248 248C119.2 504 8 392.7 8 256 8 119.2 119.2 8 256 8c136.7 0 248 111.2 248 248zm-11.4 0c0-130.5-106.2-236.6-236.6-236.6C125.5 19.4 19.4 125.5 19.4 256S125.6 492.6 256 492.6c130.5 0 236.6-106.1 236.6-236.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/library.wpu.edu.sy\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-wordpress\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M61.7 169.4l101.5 278C92.2 413 43.3 340.2 43.3 256c0-30.9 6.6-60.1 18.4-86.6zm337.9 75.9c0-26.3-9.4-44.5-17.5-58.7-10.8-17.5-20.9-32.4-20.9-49.9 0-19.6 14.8-37.8 35.7-37.8.9 0 1.8.1 2.8.2-37.9-34.7-88.3-55.9-143.7-55.9-74.3 0-139.7 38.1-177.8 95.9 5 .2 9.7.3 13.7.3 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l77.5 230.4L249.8 247l-33.1-90.8c-11.5-.7-22.3-2-22.3-2-11.5-.7-10.1-18.2 1.3-17.5 0 0 35.1 2.7 56 2.7 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l76.9 228.7 21.2-70.9c9-29.4 16-50.5 16-68.7zm-139.9 29.3l-63.8 185.5c19.1 5.6 39.2 8.7 60.1 8.7 24.8 0 48.5-4.3 70.6-12.1-.6-.9-1.1-1.9-1.5-2.9l-65.4-179.2zm183-120.7c.9 6.8 1.4 14 1.4 21.9 0 21.6-4 45.8-16.2 76.2l-65 187.9C426.2 403 468.7 334.5 468.7 256c0-37-9.4-71.8-26-102.1zM504 256c0 136.8-111.3 248-248 248C119.2 504 8 392.7 8 256 8 119.2 119.2 8 256 8c136.7 0 248 111.2 248 248zm-11.4 0c0-130.5-106.2-236.6-236.6-236.6C125.5 19.4 19.4 125.5 19.4 256S125.6 492.6 256 492.6c130.5 0 236.6-106.1 236.6-236.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-wordpress\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M61.7 169.4l101.5 278C92.2 413 43.3 340.2 43.3 256c0-30.9 6.6-60.1 18.4-86.6zm337.9 75.9c0-26.3-9.4-44.5-17.5-58.7-10.8-17.5-20.9-32.4-20.9-49.9 0-19.6 14.8-37.8 35.7-37.8.9 0 1.8.1 2.8.2-37.9-34.7-88.3-55.9-143.7-55.9-74.3 0-139.7 38.1-177.8 95.9 5 .2 9.7.3 13.7.3 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l77.5 230.4L249.8 247l-33.1-90.8c-11.5-.7-22.3-2-22.3-2-11.5-.7-10.1-18.2 1.3-17.5 0 0 35.1 2.7 56 2.7 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l76.9 228.7 21.2-70.9c9-29.4 16-50.5 16-68.7zm-139.9 29.3l-63.8 185.5c19.1 5.6 39.2 8.7 60.1 8.7 24.8 0 48.5-4.3 70.6-12.1-.6-.9-1.1-1.9-1.5-2.9l-65.4-179.2zm183-120.7c.9 6.8 1.4 14 1.4 21.9 0 21.6-4 45.8-16.2 76.2l-65 187.9C426.2 403 468.7 334.5 468.7 256c0-37-9.4-71.8-26-102.1zM504 256c0 136.8-111.3 248-248 248C119.2 504 8 392.7 8 256 8 119.2 119.2 8 256 8c136.7 0 248 111.2 248 248zm-11.4 0c0-130.5-106.2-236.6-236.6-236.6C125.5 19.4 19.4 125.5 19.4 256S125.6 492.6 256 492.6c130.5 0 236.6-106.1 236.6-236.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-wordpress\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M61.7 169.4l101.5 278C92.2 413 43.3 340.2 43.3 256c0-30.9 6.6-60.1 18.4-86.6zm337.9 75.9c0-26.3-9.4-44.5-17.5-58.7-10.8-17.5-20.9-32.4-20.9-49.9 0-19.6 14.8-37.8 35.7-37.8.9 0 1.8.1 2.8.2-37.9-34.7-88.3-55.9-143.7-55.9-74.3 0-139.7 38.1-177.8 95.9 5 .2 9.7.3 13.7.3 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l77.5 230.4L249.8 247l-33.1-90.8c-11.5-.7-22.3-2-22.3-2-11.5-.7-10.1-18.2 1.3-17.5 0 0 35.1 2.7 56 2.7 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l76.9 228.7 21.2-70.9c9-29.4 16-50.5 16-68.7zm-139.9 29.3l-63.8 185.5c19.1 5.6 39.2 8.7 60.1 8.7 24.8 0 48.5-4.3 70.6-12.1-.6-.9-1.1-1.9-1.5-2.9l-65.4-179.2zm183-120.7c.9 6.8 1.4 14 1.4 21.9 0 21.6-4 45.8-16.2 76.2l-65 187.9C426.2 403 468.7 334.5 468.7 256c0-37-9.4-71.8-26-102.1zM504 256c0 136.8-111.3 248-248 248C119.2 504 8 392.7 8 256 8 119.2 119.2 8 256 8c136.7 0 248 111.2 248 248zm-11.4 0c0-130.5-106.2-236.6-236.6-236.6C125.5 19.4 19.4 125.5 19.4 256S125.6 492.6 256 492.6c130.5 0 236.6-106.1 236.6-236.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629  \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-wordpress\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M61.7 169.4l101.5 278C92.2 413 43.3 340.2 43.3 256c0-30.9 6.6-60.1 18.4-86.6zm337.9 75.9c0-26.3-9.4-44.5-17.5-58.7-10.8-17.5-20.9-32.4-20.9-49.9 0-19.6 14.8-37.8 35.7-37.8.9 0 1.8.1 2.8.2-37.9-34.7-88.3-55.9-143.7-55.9-74.3 0-139.7 38.1-177.8 95.9 5 .2 9.7.3 13.7.3 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l77.5 230.4L249.8 247l-33.1-90.8c-11.5-.7-22.3-2-22.3-2-11.5-.7-10.1-18.2 1.3-17.5 0 0 35.1 2.7 56 2.7 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l76.9 228.7 21.2-70.9c9-29.4 16-50.5 16-68.7zm-139.9 29.3l-63.8 185.5c19.1 5.6 39.2 8.7 60.1 8.7 24.8 0 48.5-4.3 70.6-12.1-.6-.9-1.1-1.9-1.5-2.9l-65.4-179.2zm183-120.7c.9 6.8 1.4 14 1.4 21.9 0 21.6-4 45.8-16.2 76.2l-65 187.9C426.2 403 468.7 334.5 468.7 256c0-37-9.4-71.8-26-102.1zM504 256c0 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