{"id":6468,"date":"2025-06-17T08:24:12","date_gmt":"2025-06-17T08:24:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/?p=6468"},"modified":"2025-07-13T08:44:31","modified_gmt":"2025-07-13T08:44:31","slug":"%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d9%83%d9%88%d9%91%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%87-%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%87-%d9%81%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%88%d8%aa-%d9%88%d9%85%d9%83%d9%88%d9%91%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%87-%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%87-%d9%81%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div 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e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e9001b5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-227da54 eael_simple_menu_hamburger_disable_selected_menu_no eael-simple-menu-hamburger-align-right eael-hamburger--tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-simple-menu\" data-id=\"227da54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-simple-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n                        @media screen and (max-width: 1024px) {\n                            .eael-hamburger--tablet {\n                                .eael-simple-menu-horizontal,\n                                .eael-simple-menu-vertical {\n                                    display: none;\n                                }\n                            }\n                            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viewBox=&quot;0 0 448 512&quot; xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z&quot;&gt;&lt;\/path&gt;&lt;\/svg&gt;\" data-indicator-icon=\"&lt;svg aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down&quot; viewBox=&quot;0 0 320 512&quot; xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z&quot;&gt;&lt;\/path&gt;&lt;\/svg&gt;\" data-dropdown-indicator-icon=\"&lt;svg class=&quot;e-font-icon-svg 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href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 (\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 &#8211; \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a)<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-5160\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5160\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-88\" class=\"menu-item 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menu-item-object-custom menu-item-90\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-9\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-9\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%a7%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<span role=\"button\" class=\"dropdown-menu-toggle ast-header-navigation-arrow\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\" aria-haspopup=\"true\"><\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-110\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-110\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B7%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-111\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-111\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-112\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-112\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-113\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-113\"><a href=\"http:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%88\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-7047\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-7047\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-114\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-114\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-10\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-10\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%a9\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a<span role=\"button\" class=\"dropdown-menu-toggle ast-header-navigation-arrow\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\" aria-haspopup=\"true\"><\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-115\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-115\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-116\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-116\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-11\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-11\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%86\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a<span role=\"button\" class=\"dropdown-menu-toggle ast-header-navigation-arrow\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\" aria-haspopup=\"true\"><\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-117\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-117\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629-\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644-\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629-\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<span role=\"button\" class=\"dropdown-menu-toggle ast-header-navigation-arrow\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\" aria-haspopup=\"true\"><\/span><\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-776\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-776\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d8%a3%d9%81%d8%b6%d9%84-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%84%d8%a9\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-777\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-777\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d8%a3%d9%81%d8%b6%d9%84-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-778\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-778\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644-\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644-\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-780\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-780\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644-\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644-\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629-\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u062a\u0635\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 (\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a )<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-781\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-781\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644-\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644-\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-779\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-779\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644-\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644-\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629-\u0648-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-118\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-118\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%b7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-119\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-119\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-14\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-14\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-12\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-1710\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1710\"><a href=\"#pll_switcher\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>                <button class=\"eael-simple-menu-toggle\">\n                    <span class=\"sr-only \">Hamburger Toggle Menu<\/span>\n                    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-bars\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z\"><\/path><\/svg>                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n            \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-070a645 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"070a645\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f27d66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3f27d66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6867d9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f6867d9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-522a2b3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"522a2b3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5330c2 elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"b5330c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/waleed-150x150.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-6470\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: \u062f.  \u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a - \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 -<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b338b4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b338b4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bb402d7 elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"bb402d7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/1HcnpAzpx71x-\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629-\u062f.-\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a-150x150.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-5480\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628: \u062f.  \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a<\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 - \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 -<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-540edeb elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"540edeb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ebb6160 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"ebb6160\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-dot-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119.033 8 8 119.033 8 256s111.033 248 248 248 248-111.033 248-248S392.967 8 256 8zm80 248c0 44.112-35.888 80-80 80s-80-35.888-80-80 35.888-80 80-80 80 35.888 80 80z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-dot-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119.033 8 8 119.033 8 256s111.033 248 248 248 248-111.033 248-248S392.967 8 256 8zm80 248c0 44.112-35.888 80-80 80s-80-35.888-80-80 35.888-80 80-80 80 35.888 80 80z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-dot-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119.033 8 8 119.033 8 256s111.033 248 248 248 248-111.033 248-248S392.967 8 256 8zm80 248c0 44.112-35.888 80-80 80s-80-35.888-80-80 35.888-80 80-80 80 35.888 80 80z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-dot-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119.033 8 8 119.033 8 256s111.033 248 248 248 248-111.033 248-248S392.967 8 256 8zm80 248c0 44.112-35.888 80-80 80s-80-35.888-80-80 35.888-80 80-80 80 35.888 80 80z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 <\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-033d117 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"033d117\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fffe882 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fffe882\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5dab494 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5dab494\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p><p>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 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\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0651\u0628.<\/p><p>\u0646\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064d \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629: <\/strong>\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0646.<\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 1<strong>.<\/strong> <strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0629<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/p><p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0635\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629.<\/li><li>\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062e\u0651\u0627\u062a.<\/li><li>\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.<\/li><li>\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631.<\/li><li>\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0634.<\/li><li>\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.<\/li><li>\u0645\u0644\u0621 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/li><li>\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0651\u0629.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062e\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.<\/li><li>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f.<\/li><li>\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u062e.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0633\u064a\u0644.<\/li><\/ul><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6479 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture2-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture2-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture2.jpg 253w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6480 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture3-1-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture3-1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture3-1.png 247w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6481 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture4-2-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture4-2-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture4-2.png 247w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6482 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture5-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture5-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture5.jpg 252w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6486 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture17-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"114\" height=\"116\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6487 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture18-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6488 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture19-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-6489 size-thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture16-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-6490\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture21.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"116\" height=\"105\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-6491\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture22-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"98\" height=\"103\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-6492\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture23-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"112\" height=\"105\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-6493\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture20.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"108\" height=\"107\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (1): \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a.<\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 3<strong> .<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646.<\/strong><\/p><p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u0651\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 [4]\u060c[5].\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>1.3<\/strong><strong> \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u062a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621.<\/li><li>\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0648\u062a.<\/li><li>\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/li><li>\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0635\u0642\u0629 (bond) \u0645\u062b\u0644 SBR \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0651\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a.<\/li><li>\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628.<\/li><li>\u0645\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645.<\/li><\/ul><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-6494\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture24-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"209\" height=\"136\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-6495\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture25.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"178\" height=\"134\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-6496\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture26-300x213.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"213\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture26-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture26.jpg 433w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-6497\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture27.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"197\" height=\"132\" \/><\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6498 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture28.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"280\" height=\"141\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (2): \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d.<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>2.3<\/strong><strong>\u00a0\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d:<\/strong><\/p><p>\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 (25kg \u00a0\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 3 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621) \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637 \u00a0\u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u064a\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a\u0647 500 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/p><p>\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1) \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (1) \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/strong><\/p><table><tbody><tr><td colspan=\"2\" width=\"575\"><p>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a\u064a<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"288\"><p>220kg\/m<sup>3<\/sup><\/p><\/td><td width=\"288\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"288\"><p>4.5 MPa<\/p><\/td><td width=\"288\"><p>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"288\"><p>60 MPa<\/p><\/td><td width=\"288\"><p>\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"288\"><p>5.2 MPa<\/p><\/td><td width=\"288\"><p>\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p><strong>3.3<\/strong><strong> \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646:<\/strong><\/p><p>\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p><ul><li>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0634\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0634 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0628.<\/li><li>\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 .<\/li><li>\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/li><li>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u060c\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0635\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u062e\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 10 \u0645\u0645.<\/li><li>\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u060c \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0642\u0637 .<\/li><li>\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0628.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>4.3 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644:<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631<\/strong> <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d: <\/strong>\u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0643\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0628\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0628 4 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/p><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628<\/strong> <strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0628<\/strong> <strong>\u00a0\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629: <\/strong>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0628\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0635\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 100 &#8211; 250 \u0645\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a<\/strong>: \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629.<\/p><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628: <\/strong>\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a\u064a \u060c \u0641\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u064a\u0634 \u0645\u0628\u0644\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u064a\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/p><p><strong>\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 )\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 8 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629(\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0635\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0626 \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0635\u062d \u0628\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0637\u0648\u0644.<\/li><li>\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 )\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 35 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629(\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062f )\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 20 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629( \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0637.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641: <\/strong>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/p><p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0651\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2) \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 (ASTM).<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (2) \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/strong><\/p><table><tbody><tr><td width=\"288\"><p>\u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f 3 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 18 \u2264<\/p><p>\u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f 7 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 40 \u2264<\/p><p>\u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f 28 \u064a\u0648\u0645 58 \u2264<\/p><\/td><td width=\"288\"><p>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u063a\u0627\u0637<\/p><p>ASTM C109109\/M-11<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"288\"><p>\u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f 3 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 2 \u2264<\/p><p>\u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f 7 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 7.5 \u2264<\/p><p>\u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062f 28 \u064a\u0648\u0645 9.5 \u2264<\/p><\/td><td width=\"288\"><p>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0646\u064a<\/p><p>ASTM C348<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"288\"><p>%2 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><td width=\"288\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f<\/p><p>ASTM C827\/C827M-10<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"288\"><p>%3 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><td width=\"288\"><p>\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0651\u0628<\/p><p>ASTM C1090<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"288\"><p>25-35 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/p><\/td><td width=\"288\"><p>\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/p><p>ASTM C939-87<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><ol start=\"4\"><li><strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a:<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p><strong>1.4 \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a: <\/strong>\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 [6] \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646 (4\u060c3)<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-6499 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture29.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"441\" height=\"148\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture29.png 441w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture29-300x101.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 441px) 100vw, 441px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (3): \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/strong><\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-6500 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture30.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"183\" height=\"161\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (4): \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062f \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a.<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>2.4 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0651\u0629:<\/strong><\/p><p>\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b [7] \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0644\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u200b\u200b\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (5)\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 GFRP \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637. \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 GFRP\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0636\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p><ul><li>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 20% \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 2% \u0641\u0642\u0637).<\/li><li>\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 (\u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 34%).<\/li><li>\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0642\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 (\u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 282%).<\/li><li>\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062c \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0648\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u06313.8 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c.<\/li><li>\u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a (\u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 17%).<\/li><\/ul><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-6501 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture31.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"381\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture31.png 400w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture31-300x286.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (5): \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a.<\/strong><\/p><p><strong>3.4 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p><p>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (6) \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b [8] \u0648\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (7) \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a.<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-6502 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture32.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"499\" height=\"134\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture32.png 499w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture32-300x81.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 499px) 100vw, 499px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (6): \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>(a) \u062e\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 (b) \u062e\u0628\u062b \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (c) \u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631<\/strong><\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-6503 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture33.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"394\" height=\"332\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture33.png 394w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture33-300x253.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 394px) 100vw, 394px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (7): \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 (\u0645\u0645) \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a<\/strong>.<\/p><p>\u0648\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (8) \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631.<\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-6504 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture34.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"377\" height=\"293\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture34.png 377w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/Picture34-300x233.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 377px) 100vw, 377px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (<\/strong><strong>8<\/strong><strong>):<\/strong><strong> \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0635 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/p><p>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 [8] \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p><ul><li>\u062a\u064f\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0640\u062e\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a 30-40% \u064825-30% \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637.<\/li><li>\u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629.<\/li><\/ul><ol start=\"5\"><li><strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a:<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>\u0643\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21] \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641.<\/p><ol start=\"6\"><li><strong>\u00a0\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629:<\/strong> \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0643\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0647\u0627.<\/li><\/ol><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (3) \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/strong><\/p><table width=\"586\"><tbody><tr><td width=\"138\"><p>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><\/td><td width=\"50\"><p>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/p><p>w\/b<\/p><\/td><td width=\"47\"><p>\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642<\/p><p>(s)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"66\"><p>\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643<\/p><p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/p><p>(s)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"81\"><p>\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643<\/p><p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/p><p>(s)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"89\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/p><p>(MPa)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"81\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641<\/p><p>(MPa)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"33\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"138\"><p>\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p><\/td><td width=\"50\"><p>0.25-0.8<\/p><\/td><td width=\"47\"><p>0.8-45<\/p><\/td><td width=\"66\"><p>4-10 h<\/p><\/td><td width=\"81\"><p>18-25.5 h<\/p><\/td><td width=\"89\"><p>35-55 (28d\/56d)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"81\"><p>4-10 (28d);<\/p><\/td><td width=\"33\"><p>9<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"138\"><p>\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p><\/td><td width=\"50\"><p>1.0-2.0<\/p><\/td><td width=\"47\"><p>31.73-38.21<\/p><\/td><td width=\"66\"><p>4.2-8.3 h<\/p><\/td><td width=\"81\"><p>8.6-13.5<\/p><\/td><td width=\"89\"><p>5.0-14.0 (28d)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"81\"><p>2.0-4.0 (28d)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"33\"><p>10<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"138\"><p>\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u062e\u0628\u062b \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0628\u062b \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p><\/td><td width=\"50\"><p>1.0<\/p><\/td><td width=\"47\"><p>8.5-9.0<\/p><\/td><td width=\"66\"><p>&#8211;<\/p><\/td><td width=\"81\"><p>&#8211;<\/p><\/td><td width=\"89\"><p>2.05-11.41 (28d)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"81\"><p>1.16-3.5 (28d)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"33\"><p>11<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"138\"><p>\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629<\/p><p>(ASTM Type I)\u060c \u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u00a0 \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647.<\/p><\/td><td width=\"50\"><p>0.35-0.48<\/p><\/td><td width=\"47\"><p>19-22.5<\/p><\/td><td width=\"66\"><p>&#8211;<\/p><\/td><td width=\"81\"><p>&#8211;<\/p><\/td><td width=\"89\"><p>28.3-62.3 (28d)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"81\"><p>&#8211;<\/p><\/td><td width=\"33\"><p>12<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"138\"><p>\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a (I 42.5 N)\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p><\/td><td width=\"50\"><p>&#8211;<\/p><\/td><td width=\"47\"><p>42-68<\/p><\/td><td width=\"66\"><p>&#8211;<\/p><\/td><td width=\"81\"><p>&#8211;<\/p><\/td><td width=\"89\"><p>124.0-142.7 (28d)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"81\"><p>&#8211;<\/p><\/td><td width=\"33\"><p>13<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"138\"><p>\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a (I 32.5 N) \u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p><\/td><td width=\"50\"><p>0.33-0.5<\/p><\/td><td width=\"47\"><p>&#8211;<\/p><\/td><td width=\"66\"><p>&#8211;<\/p><\/td><td width=\"81\"><p>6.5-22<\/p><\/td><td width=\"89\"><p>22.5-58 (28d)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"81\"><p>&#8211;<\/p><\/td><td width=\"33\"><p>14<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"138\"><p>\u0627\u0633\u0645\u062a\u060c \u062e\u0628\u062b \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/p><\/td><td width=\"50\"><p>0.45-0.75<\/p><\/td><td width=\"47\"><p>22.5-50.22<\/p><\/td><td width=\"66\"><p>5.50-8.15<\/p><\/td><td width=\"81\"><p>&#8211;<\/p><\/td><td width=\"89\"><p>&#8211;<\/p><\/td><td width=\"81\"><p>&#8211;<\/p><\/td><td width=\"33\"><p>15<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"138\"><p>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><\/td><td width=\"50\"><p>\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629<\/p><p>w\/b<\/p><\/td><td width=\"47\"><p>\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642<\/p><p>(s)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"66\"><p>\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643<\/p><p>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/p><p>(s)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"81\"><p>\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643<\/p><p>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a<\/p><p>(s)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"89\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637<\/p><p>(MPa)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"81\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641<\/p><p>(MPa)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"33\"><p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"138\"><p>\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a (I 42.5R) \u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p><\/td><td width=\"50\"><p>0.5<\/p><\/td><td width=\"47\"><p>\u00a0<\/p><\/td><td width=\"66\"><p>\u00a0<\/p><\/td><td width=\"81\"><p>\u00a0<\/p><\/td><td width=\"89\"><p>51.5-63.1 (28d)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"81\"><p>7.4-10.4 (28d)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"33\"><p>16<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"138\"><p>\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0629 \u00a0(ASTM Type I)\u060c \u062e\u0628\u062b \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0641 (C)\u060c \u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0627\u063a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/p><\/td><td width=\"50\"><p>0.6-1.2<\/p><\/td><td width=\"47\"><p>30-60<\/p><\/td><td width=\"66\"><p>14.8-17.5h<\/p><\/td><td width=\"81\"><p>24.6-29.7h<\/p><\/td><td width=\"89\"><p>7-16 (28d)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"81\"><p>0.5-2.25 (28d)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"33\"><p>17<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"138\"><p>\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a (Type 10)\u060c \u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0646 (F,C)\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0627\u063a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062f<\/p><\/td><td width=\"50\"><p>0.4-1.3<\/p><\/td><td width=\"47\"><p>30-140<\/p><\/td><td width=\"66\"><p>5-20<\/p><\/td><td width=\"81\"><p>7.5-25<\/p><\/td><td width=\"89\"><p>124.0-142.7 (28d)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"81\"><p>&#8211;<\/p><\/td><td width=\"33\"><p>18<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"138\"><p>\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a (I 42.5R) \u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0632\u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u060c\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629.<\/p><\/td><td width=\"50\"><p>0.6<\/p><\/td><td width=\"47\"><p>13.25-66.35<\/p><\/td><td width=\"66\"><p>&#8211;<\/p><\/td><td width=\"81\"><p>7.9-13.7<\/p><\/td><td width=\"89\"><p>&#8211;<\/p><\/td><td width=\"81\"><p>&#8211;<\/p><\/td><td width=\"33\"><p>19<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"138\"><p>\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a (CSA-CAN A5)\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/p><\/td><td width=\"50\"><p>0.4<\/p><\/td><td width=\"47\"><p>39-225<\/p><\/td><td width=\"66\"><p>7.1-12.15<\/p><\/td><td width=\"81\"><p>8.5-14.0<\/p><\/td><td width=\"89\"><p>31-41 (28d)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"81\"><p>&#8211;<\/p><\/td><td width=\"33\"><p>20<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td width=\"138\"><p>\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a (I 42.5R) \u060c \u0631\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u062d\u0648\u0646.<\/p><\/td><td width=\"50\"><p>0.668-0.972<\/p><\/td><td width=\"47\"><p>&#8211;<\/p><\/td><td width=\"66\"><p>&#8211;<\/p><\/td><td width=\"81\"><p>&#8211;<\/p><\/td><td width=\"89\"><p>7.1-26.9 (28d)<\/p><\/td><td width=\"81\"><p>&#8211;<\/p><\/td><td width=\"33\"><p>21<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><ol start=\"5\"><li><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>[1] T. Carmine, P. Francesca, \u201cElastic properties of two-component grouts at short curing times: The role of bentonite\u201d, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology incorporating Trenchless Technology Research 130 (2022) 104756, \u00a0www.elsevier.com\/locate\/tust. \u00a0Available online 2 October 2022.<\/p><p>[2] G. Suelen, F.\u00a0 Liberato, S. Luis, M. Mercedes, \u201cA comprehensive review of cementitious grouts: Composition, properties, requirements and advanced performance\u201d, Construction and Building Materials 375 (2023) 130991, www.elsevier.com\/locate\/conbuildmat, Received 22 December 2022; Received in revised form 2 March 2023; Accepted 7 March 2023, Available online 15 March 2023.<\/p><p>[3] ISO 13007 standard:<\/p><p>ISO 13007 \u2013 1: terms, definitions and specifications for adhesives.<\/p><p>ISO 13007 \u2013 2: test methods to determine the characteristics of adhesives.<\/p><p>ISO 13007 \u2013 3: terms, definitions and specifications for grouts.<\/p><p>ISO 13007 \u2013 4: test methods to establish the properties of grouts.<\/p><p>[4] https:\/\/www.afzir.com &#8211; Retrofittting products.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p>[5] https:\/\/www.dcp-int.com.\u00a0<\/p><p>[6] V. Belen, R.\u00a0 Carlos, P. Jaime, D. Ivan, \u201cDegradation modelling of external grouted post-tensioning tendons: Numerical assessment under corrosion conditions\u201d, \u00a0www.elsevier.com\/locate\/engstruct. \u00a0Received 17 July 2024; Received in revised form 2 December 2024; Accepted 2 January 2025, Engineering Structures 327 (2025) 119620<\/p><p>Available online 10 January 2025.<\/p><p>[7] A. Mamun, W.\u00a0 Ferdous, B. Sourish, M. Allan, \u201cBond behaviour of smooth surface GFRP pultruded profiles with cement grout\u201d, www.elsevier.com\/locate\/engstruct. \u00a0. Received 1 October 2023; Received in revised form 8 December 2023; Accepted 15 January 2024, Available online 17 January 2024.<\/p><p>[8] L. Peng, G.\u00a0 Shi-Jiu, D. Ai-Hui, S. Fei, S. Hua-Jie, K. Jie, G, Bao-Feng, L. Tao, \u201cApplication of steel slag composite grout for strengthening<\/p><p>expressway photovoltaic slope\u201d, www.elsevier.com\/locate\/engstruct. \u00a0Received 23 September 2023; Received in revised form 23 October 2023; Accepted 25 October 2023, Available online 27 October 2023.\u00a0<\/p><p>[9] M. Vasumithran, K.B. Anand, D. Sathyan, Effects of fillers on the properties of 791 cement grouts, Constr Build Mater. 246 (2020). 792 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2020.118346.<\/p><p>[10] S. Zhang, W.G. Qiao, P.C. Chen, K. Xi, Rheological and mechanical properties of 794 microfine-cement-based grouts mixed with microfine fly ash, colloidal nanosilicaand superplasticizer, Constr Build Mater. 212 (2019) 10\u201318. 796 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.314.<\/p><p>[11] F. Perez-Garcia, M.E. Parron-Rubio, J.M. Garcia-Manrique, M.D. Rubio-Cintas, 825 Study of the suitability of different types of slag and its influence on the quality of 826 green grouts obtained by partial replacement of cement, Materials. 12 (2019). 827 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ma12071166.<\/p><p>[12] J.J. Assaad, Y. Daou, Cementitious grouts with adapted rheological properties for 949 injection by vacuum techniques, Cem Concr Res. 59 (2014) 43\u201354. 950 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cemconres.2014.01.021.<\/p><p>[13] M. Sonebi, M.T. Bassuoni, J. Kwasny, A.K. Amanuddin, Effect of Nanosilica on 985 Rheology, Fresh Properties, and Strength of Cement-Based Grouts, Journal of 986 Materials in Civil Engineering.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a759bc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3a759bc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7654811 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7654811\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b50aaa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1b50aaa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9f9390 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e9f9390\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15b7cdc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"15b7cdc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-72ccc91 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"72ccc91\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7209162 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7209162\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2007 \u0648 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u00a0 \u0633\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a :<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #0076af;\"><a style=\"color: #0076af;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #0076af;\"><a style=\"color: #0076af;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%84%d8%a9\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #0076af;\"><a style=\"color: #0076af;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a )<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #0076af;\"><a style=\"color: #0076af;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #0076af;\"><a style=\"color: #0076af;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #0076af;\"><a style=\"color: #0076af;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7068d4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a7068d4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2051a1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2051a1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 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