{"id":6999,"date":"2025-09-02T11:04:34","date_gmt":"2025-09-02T11:04:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/?p=6999"},"modified":"2025-09-07T11:30:04","modified_gmt":"2025-09-07T11:30:04","slug":"the-syrian-economy-from-rentierism-to-production-a-roadmap-for-economic-recovery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/en\/the-syrian-economy-from-rentierism-to-production-a-roadmap-for-economic-recovery\/","title":{"rendered":"The Syrian Economy: From Rentierism to Production \u2014 A Roadmap for Economic Recovery"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"6999\" class=\"elementor elementor-6999\" data-elementor-settings=\"{&quot;ha_cmc_init_switcher&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f9881d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3f9881d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" 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href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?hl=en&#038;user=w7ZGQvUAAAAJ\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/7-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-5745\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?hl=en&#038;user=w7ZGQvUAAAAJ\">Writer: Dr. Ibrahim Nafi koshji<\/a><\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Faculty of Administrative and Financial Sciences-Al-Wataniya Private University<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69bfbfa elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"69bfbfa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5418008 elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"5418008\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-dot-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119.033 8 8 119.033 8 256s111.033 248 248 248 248-111.033 248-248S392.967 8 256 8zm80 248c0 44.112-35.888 80-80 80s-80-35.888-80-80 35.888-80 80-80 80 35.888 80 80z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Home<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-dot-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119.033 8 8 119.033 8 256s111.033 248 248 248 248-111.033 248-248S392.967 8 256 8zm80 248c0 44.112-35.888 80-80 80s-80-35.888-80-80 35.888-80 80-80 80 35.888 80 80z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Scientific articles for the Faculty of Administrative<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-dot-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119.033 8 8 119.033 8 256s111.033 248 248 248 248-111.033 248-248S392.967 8 256 8zm80 248c0 44.112-35.888 80-80 80s-80-35.888-80-80 35.888-80 80-80 80 35.888 80 80z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Scientific research for the Faculty of Administrative<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-dot-circle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 8C119.033 8 8 119.033 8 256s111.033 248 248 248 248-111.033 248-248S392.967 8 256 8zm80 248c0 44.112-35.888 80-80 80s-80-35.888-80-80 35.888-80 80-80 80 35.888 80 80z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Scientific biographies<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17307a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"17307a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd9e411 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cd9e411\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ace214e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ace214e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>At a pivotal moment in Syria\u2019s history, the need for a deep structural transformation of the national economy can no longer be ignored. The rentier model, dominant for decades, has proven incapable of delivering justice or efficiency. It is time to transition toward a competitive, productive economy that rebuilds trust and unleashes Syrians\u2019 potential for sustainable development.<\/p><p><strong>Dismantling the Rentier Model: A Closed Economy and Paralyzed Industries<\/strong><\/p><p>For decades, Syria\u2019s economic structure relied on sole proprietorships focused on quick profits, neglecting modern management and production methods. This pattern was not accidental\u2014it stemmed directly from a closed economic system imposed by the Assad regime, where competition was absent, transparency declined, and most Syrian industries became mere packaging sectors for imported raw materials.<\/p><p>With no production incentives and markets monopolized by interest networks, Syria\u2019s economy lost its ability to generate added value. The contribution of industry and agriculture to GDP declined in favor of unsustainable rent-based activities.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u00a0Table 1: Indicators of Rentierism in Syria<\/strong><\/p><table><tbody><tr><td><p>Sector<\/p><\/td><td><p>Indicator<\/p><\/td><td><p>Estimated Ratio \/ Current Status<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>Industrial Enterprises<\/p><\/td><td><p>Over 60% rely on imported raw materials<\/p><\/td><td><p>Especially food and pharmaceutical industries<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>Agricultural Enterprises<\/p><\/td><td><p>Partially dependent on imported inputs (seeds, fertilizers, pesticides)<\/p><\/td><td><p>Varies by crop and region<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>Imported Seeds<\/p><\/td><td><p>40\u201360% of total seeds used in commercial farming<\/p><\/td><td><p>Especially vegetables and improved seeds<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>Imported Fertilizers<\/p><\/td><td><p>Over 70% of fertilizers are imported<\/p><\/td><td><p>Government unable to meet demand<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>Urea Fertilizer<\/p><\/td><td><p>Annual need: 300,000 tons; local supply: &lt;30,000 tons<\/p><\/td><td><p>Remainder imported or bought on black market<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>Phosphate Fertilizer<\/p><\/td><td><p>Annual need: 200,000 tons; local supply: ~25,000 tons<\/p><\/td><td><p>Imported directly or via government tenders<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>Analytical Note: Heavy reliance on imports in agriculture and industry exposes Syria to global price volatility and supply chain disruptions. The agricultural sector, in particular, suffers from weak domestic input production, raising costs and reducing farmers\u2019 profit margins.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Table 2: Sectoral Impact on Macroeconomic Indicators<\/strong><\/p><table><tbody><tr><td><p>Indicator<\/p><\/td><td><p>Value \/ Ratio<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>Industry &amp; Agriculture Share of GDP<\/p><\/td><td><p>&lt;25% in 2020<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>National Savings Rate<\/p><\/td><td><p>Dropped from 18% (2005) to 5% (2020)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>Unemployment in Some Regions<\/p><\/td><td><p>Exceeded 50%<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>Sole Proprietorships<\/p><\/td><td><p>&gt;80% of registered companies<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>Interpretation: These indicators reveal deep structural imbalances. The weak contribution of productive sectors reflects a shift toward an unsustainable rentier economy. The sharp decline in savings undermines investment and resilience. High unemployment signals worsening poverty and marginalization. The dominance of sole proprietorships highlights institutional fragility and poor governance, limiting growth potential.<\/p><p><strong>Principles for Transitioning to a Competitive Productive Economy<\/strong><\/p><p>Following political transition, Syria faces a historic opportunity to rebuild its economy on modern, sustainable foundations. This requires liberalizing markets, reforming the investment climate, and enhancing transparency to attract both domestic and foreign investors.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u00a0Table 3: Investment Volume by Sector (2010\u20132024, in USD Millions)<\/strong><\/p><table><tbody><tr><td><p>Year<\/p><\/td><td><p>Agriculture<\/p><\/td><td><p>Industry<\/p><\/td><td><p>Tourism<\/p><\/td><td><p>Transport<\/p><\/td><td><p>Energy<\/p><\/td><td><p>ICT<\/p><\/td><td><p>Total<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>2010<\/p><\/td><td><p>240<\/p><\/td><td><p>500<\/p><\/td><td><p>360<\/p><\/td><td><p>300<\/p><\/td><td><p>400<\/p><\/td><td><p>200<\/p><\/td><td><p>2,000<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>2024*<\/p><\/td><td><p>5<\/p><\/td><td><p>10<\/p><\/td><td><p>4<\/p><\/td><td><p>6<\/p><\/td><td><p>13<\/p><\/td><td><p>5<\/p><\/td><td><p>43<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>Insight: Investment collapsed by over 97% between 2010 and 2024, reflecting war, sanctions, and deteriorating investor confidence. Agriculture fell from $240M to $5M, industry from $500M to $10M, and tourism from $360M to $4M. Even strategic sectors like transport and energy saw dramatic declines.<\/p><p><strong>Required Investment to Restore GDP and Economic Activity<\/strong><\/p><p>Using sector-specific multipliers to estimate recovery costs:<\/p><table><tbody><tr><td><p>Sector<\/p><\/td><td><p>2010 Output<\/p><\/td><td><p>2024 Output<\/p><\/td><td><p>Gap<\/p><\/td><td><p>Multiplier<\/p><\/td><td><p>Required Investment (USD M)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>Agriculture<\/p><\/td><td><p>240<\/p><\/td><td><p>5<\/p><\/td><td><p>235<\/p><\/td><td><p>\u00d73.0<\/p><\/td><td><p>705<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>Industry<\/p><\/td><td><p>500<\/p><\/td><td><p>10<\/p><\/td><td><p>490<\/p><\/td><td><p>\u00d74.0<\/p><\/td><td><p>1,960<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>Tourism<\/p><\/td><td><p>360<\/p><\/td><td><p>4<\/p><\/td><td><p>356<\/p><\/td><td><p>\u00d73.0<\/p><\/td><td><p>1,068<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>Transport<\/p><\/td><td><p>300<\/p><\/td><td><p>6<\/p><\/td><td><p>294<\/p><\/td><td><p>\u00d74.0<\/p><\/td><td><p>1,176<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>Energy<\/p><\/td><td><p>400<\/p><\/td><td><p>13<\/p><\/td><td><p>387<\/p><\/td><td><p>\u00d74.0<\/p><\/td><td><p>1,548<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>ICT<\/p><\/td><td><p>200<\/p><\/td><td><p>5<\/p><\/td><td><p>195<\/p><\/td><td><p>\u00d72.5<\/p><\/td><td><p>487.5<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>Total Required Investment: $6.94 billion over 5\u20137 years, tied to institutional reform, governance, and international partnerships.<\/p><p><strong>Role of Joint-Stock Companies<\/strong><\/p><p>To mobilize savings and channel them into productive investments, Syria must promote joint-stock companies. These entities foster modern corporate culture, transparency, and accountability.<\/p><table><tbody><tr><td><p>Type<\/p><\/td><td><p>Minimum Capital<\/p><\/td><td><p>Required Shareholders<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>Public JSC<\/p><\/td><td><p>1 billion SYP (~$100K)<\/p><\/td><td><p>\u226510<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>Private JSC<\/p><\/td><td><p>100 million SYP (~$10K)<\/p><\/td><td><p>\u22653<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>Despite low entry barriers, only ~25 companies are listed on the Damascus Stock Exchange, indicating weak institutional incentives and limited access to capital markets.<\/p><p><strong>Sectoral Financing Architecture via Joint-Stock Companies<\/strong><\/p><table><tbody><tr><td><p>Sector<\/p><\/td><td><p>Required Investment<\/p><\/td><td><p>Ideal Company Type<\/p><\/td><td><p>Capital per Company<\/p><\/td><td><p>Estimated Number of Companies<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>Agriculture<\/p><\/td><td><p>705M<\/p><\/td><td><p>Private JSC<\/p><\/td><td><p>$10M<\/p><\/td><td><p>70<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>Industry<\/p><\/td><td><p>1,960M<\/p><\/td><td><p>Public JSC<\/p><\/td><td><p>$100M<\/p><\/td><td><p>20<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>Tourism<\/p><\/td><td><p>1,068M<\/p><\/td><td><p>Mixed<\/p><\/td><td><p>$10\u2013100M<\/p><\/td><td><p>10 public + 6 private<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>Transport<\/p><\/td><td><p>1,176M<\/p><\/td><td><p>Public JSC<\/p><\/td><td><p>$100M<\/p><\/td><td><p>12<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>Energy<\/p><\/td><td><p>1,548M<\/p><\/td><td><p>Public JSC<\/p><\/td><td><p>$100M<\/p><\/td><td><p>15<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>ICT<\/p><\/td><td><p>487.5M<\/p><\/td><td><p>Private JSC<\/p><\/td><td><p>$10M<\/p><\/td><td><p>48<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>Total Estimated Companies: 181 This structure diversifies funding sources, encourages innovation, and spreads risk across investors, institutions, and diaspora.<\/p><p><strong>Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Syria<\/strong><\/p><p>Despite an 80% drop in FDI since 2011, 12 new projects totaling $14B signal renewed interest.<\/p><table><tbody><tr><td><p>Project<\/p><\/td><td><p>Value (Billion USD)<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>Damascus Intl. Airport<\/p><\/td><td><p>4<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>Damascus Metro<\/p><\/td><td><p>2<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>Damascus Towers<\/p><\/td><td><p>2<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>Baramkeh Mall &amp; Towers<\/p><\/td><td><p>0.56<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><p>Other Projects (10 Provinces)<\/p><\/td><td><p>5.44<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>Note: Most projects are construction-focused and concentrated in Damascus, Aleppo, and Rural Damascus (65.5%), risking regional inequality. To maximize impact, FDI must target productive sectors and be geographically balanced.<\/p><p><strong>Conclusion: From Rent to Innovation \u2014 Syria 2035<\/strong><\/p><p>The shift from a fragile rentier economy to a competitive production-based model hinges on joint-stock companies, institutional reform, and strategic partnerships. This is not merely administrative\u2014it\u2019s a national project rooted in bold political will and inclusive development.<\/p><p>Key steps include:<\/p><ul><li>Legislative reform and transparent governance<\/li><li>Mobilizing national savings and attracting FDI<\/li><li>Revitalizing industry as a growth engine<\/li><li>Supporting entrepreneurship and digital transformation<\/li><li>Ensuring fair geographic distribution of opportunities<\/li><li>Monitoring progress through clear performance indicators<\/li><\/ul><p>Syria must now write a new economic chapter\u2014one of production, efficiency, and sustainable justice<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5100409 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5100409\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f1b51a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9f1b51a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec69a64 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ec69a64\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-816e0de e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"816e0de\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e40fb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7e40fb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb1d87b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"eb1d87b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Al-Wataniya Private University<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06ebc8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"06ebc8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>It was established in 2007 and includes six colleges:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><a style=\"color: #993300;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86\/\">Faculty of Dentistry<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><a style=\"color: #993300;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%84%d8%a9\/\">Faculty of Pharmacy<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><a style=\"color: #993300;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9\/\">Faculty of Engineering (Informatics and Communications)<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><a style=\"color: #993300;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9\/\">Faculty of Civil Engineering<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><a style=\"color: #993300;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9\/\">Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><a style=\"color: #993300;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9\/\">Faculty of Administrative and Financial Sciences<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16a1cdf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"16a1cdf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4561b6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4561b6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Related sites:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b2d00d elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"3b2d00d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-wordpress\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M61.7 169.4l101.5 278C92.2 413 43.3 340.2 43.3 256c0-30.9 6.6-60.1 18.4-86.6zm337.9 75.9c0-26.3-9.4-44.5-17.5-58.7-10.8-17.5-20.9-32.4-20.9-49.9 0-19.6 14.8-37.8 35.7-37.8.9 0 1.8.1 2.8.2-37.9-34.7-88.3-55.9-143.7-55.9-74.3 0-139.7 38.1-177.8 95.9 5 .2 9.7.3 13.7.3 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l77.5 230.4L249.8 247l-33.1-90.8c-11.5-.7-22.3-2-22.3-2-11.5-.7-10.1-18.2 1.3-17.5 0 0 35.1 2.7 56 2.7 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l76.9 228.7 21.2-70.9c9-29.4 16-50.5 16-68.7zm-139.9 29.3l-63.8 185.5c19.1 5.6 39.2 8.7 60.1 8.7 24.8 0 48.5-4.3 70.6-12.1-.6-.9-1.1-1.9-1.5-2.9l-65.4-179.2zm183-120.7c.9 6.8 1.4 14 1.4 21.9 0 21.6-4 45.8-16.2 76.2l-65 187.9C426.2 403 468.7 334.5 468.7 256c0-37-9.4-71.8-26-102.1zM504 256c0 136.8-111.3 248-248 248C119.2 504 8 392.7 8 256 8 119.2 119.2 8 256 8c136.7 0 248 111.2 248 248zm-11.4 0c0-130.5-106.2-236.6-236.6-236.6C125.5 19.4 19.4 125.5 19.4 256S125.6 492.6 256 492.6c130.5 0 236.6-106.1 236.6-236.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Al-Wataniya  Private University website<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"http:\/\/library.wpu.edu.sy\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-wordpress\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M61.7 169.4l101.5 278C92.2 413 43.3 340.2 43.3 256c0-30.9 6.6-60.1 18.4-86.6zm337.9 75.9c0-26.3-9.4-44.5-17.5-58.7-10.8-17.5-20.9-32.4-20.9-49.9 0-19.6 14.8-37.8 35.7-37.8.9 0 1.8.1 2.8.2-37.9-34.7-88.3-55.9-143.7-55.9-74.3 0-139.7 38.1-177.8 95.9 5 .2 9.7.3 13.7.3 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l77.5 230.4L249.8 247l-33.1-90.8c-11.5-.7-22.3-2-22.3-2-11.5-.7-10.1-18.2 1.3-17.5 0 0 35.1 2.7 56 2.7 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l76.9 228.7 21.2-70.9c9-29.4 16-50.5 16-68.7zm-139.9 29.3l-63.8 185.5c19.1 5.6 39.2 8.7 60.1 8.7 24.8 0 48.5-4.3 70.6-12.1-.6-.9-1.1-1.9-1.5-2.9l-65.4-179.2zm183-120.7c.9 6.8 1.4 14 1.4 21.9 0 21.6-4 45.8-16.2 76.2l-65 187.9C426.2 403 468.7 334.5 468.7 256c0-37-9.4-71.8-26-102.1zM504 256c0 136.8-111.3 248-248 248C119.2 504 8 392.7 8 256 8 119.2 119.2 8 256 8c136.7 0 248 111.2 248 248zm-11.4 0c0-130.5-106.2-236.6-236.6-236.6C125.5 19.4 19.4 125.5 19.4 256S125.6 492.6 256 492.6c130.5 0 236.6-106.1 236.6-236.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Al-Wataniya Private University Digital Library website<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-wordpress\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M61.7 169.4l101.5 278C92.2 413 43.3 340.2 43.3 256c0-30.9 6.6-60.1 18.4-86.6zm337.9 75.9c0-26.3-9.4-44.5-17.5-58.7-10.8-17.5-20.9-32.4-20.9-49.9 0-19.6 14.8-37.8 35.7-37.8.9 0 1.8.1 2.8.2-37.9-34.7-88.3-55.9-143.7-55.9-74.3 0-139.7 38.1-177.8 95.9 5 .2 9.7.3 13.7.3 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l77.5 230.4L249.8 247l-33.1-90.8c-11.5-.7-22.3-2-22.3-2-11.5-.7-10.1-18.2 1.3-17.5 0 0 35.1 2.7 56 2.7 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l76.9 228.7 21.2-70.9c9-29.4 16-50.5 16-68.7zm-139.9 29.3l-63.8 185.5c19.1 5.6 39.2 8.7 60.1 8.7 24.8 0 48.5-4.3 70.6-12.1-.6-.9-1.1-1.9-1.5-2.9l-65.4-179.2zm183-120.7c.9 6.8 1.4 14 1.4 21.9 0 21.6-4 45.8-16.2 76.2l-65 187.9C426.2 403 468.7 334.5 468.7 256c0-37-9.4-71.8-26-102.1zM504 256c0 136.8-111.3 248-248 248C119.2 504 8 392.7 8 256 8 119.2 119.2 8 256 8c136.7 0 248 111.2 248 248zm-11.4 0c0-130.5-106.2-236.6-236.6-236.6C125.5 19.4 19.4 125.5 19.4 256S125.6 492.6 256 492.6c130.5 0 236.6-106.1 236.6-236.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Al-Wataniya Private University Academic Oasis website<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-wordpress\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M61.7 169.4l101.5 278C92.2 413 43.3 340.2 43.3 256c0-30.9 6.6-60.1 18.4-86.6zm337.9 75.9c0-26.3-9.4-44.5-17.5-58.7-10.8-17.5-20.9-32.4-20.9-49.9 0-19.6 14.8-37.8 35.7-37.8.9 0 1.8.1 2.8.2-37.9-34.7-88.3-55.9-143.7-55.9-74.3 0-139.7 38.1-177.8 95.9 5 .2 9.7.3 13.7.3 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l77.5 230.4L249.8 247l-33.1-90.8c-11.5-.7-22.3-2-22.3-2-11.5-.7-10.1-18.2 1.3-17.5 0 0 35.1 2.7 56 2.7 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l76.9 228.7 21.2-70.9c9-29.4 16-50.5 16-68.7zm-139.9 29.3l-63.8 185.5c19.1 5.6 39.2 8.7 60.1 8.7 24.8 0 48.5-4.3 70.6-12.1-.6-.9-1.1-1.9-1.5-2.9l-65.4-179.2zm183-120.7c.9 6.8 1.4 14 1.4 21.9 0 21.6-4 45.8-16.2 76.2l-65 187.9C426.2 403 468.7 334.5 468.7 256c0-37-9.4-71.8-26-102.1zM504 256c0 136.8-111.3 248-248 248C119.2 504 8 392.7 8 256 8 119.2 119.2 8 256 8c136.7 0 248 111.2 248 248zm-11.4 0c0-130.5-106.2-236.6-236.6-236.6C125.5 19.4 19.4 125.5 19.4 256S125.6 492.6 256 492.6c130.5 0 236.6-106.1 236.6-236.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Al-Waha student website of Al-Wataniya Private University<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-wordpress\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M61.7 169.4l101.5 278C92.2 413 43.3 340.2 43.3 256c0-30.9 6.6-60.1 18.4-86.6zm337.9 75.9c0-26.3-9.4-44.5-17.5-58.7-10.8-17.5-20.9-32.4-20.9-49.9 0-19.6 14.8-37.8 35.7-37.8.9 0 1.8.1 2.8.2-37.9-34.7-88.3-55.9-143.7-55.9-74.3 0-139.7 38.1-177.8 95.9 5 .2 9.7.3 13.7.3 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l77.5 230.4L249.8 247l-33.1-90.8c-11.5-.7-22.3-2-22.3-2-11.5-.7-10.1-18.2 1.3-17.5 0 0 35.1 2.7 56 2.7 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l76.9 228.7 21.2-70.9c9-29.4 16-50.5 16-68.7zm-139.9 29.3l-63.8 185.5c19.1 5.6 39.2 8.7 60.1 8.7 24.8 0 48.5-4.3 70.6-12.1-.6-.9-1.1-1.9-1.5-2.9l-65.4-179.2zm183-120.7c.9 6.8 1.4 14 1.4 21.9 0 21.6-4 45.8-16.2 76.2l-65 187.9C426.2 403 468.7 334.5 468.7 256c0-37-9.4-71.8-26-102.1zM504 256c0 136.8-111.3 248-248 248C119.2 504 8 392.7 8 256 8 119.2 119.2 8 256 8c136.7 0 248 111.2 248 248zm-11.4 0c0-130.5-106.2-236.6-236.6-236.6C125.5 19.4 19.4 125.5 19.4 256S125.6 492.6 256 492.6c130.5 0 236.6-106.1 236.6-236.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Student portal website<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6087943 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6087943\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27b5ccf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"27b5ccf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">for communication:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6c13f2 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"d6c13f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-map-marker-alt\" viewBox=\"0 0 384 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M172.268 501.67C26.97 291.031 0 269.413 0 192 0 85.961 85.961 0 192 0s192 85.961 192 192c0 77.413-26.97 99.031-172.268 309.67-9.535 13.774-29.93 13.773-39.464 0zM192 272c44.183 0 80-35.817 80-80s-35.817-80-80-80-80 35.817-80 80 35.817 80 80 80z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Syria - Hama Governorate - International Road Homs-Hama<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-phone\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M493.4 24.6l-104-24c-11.3-2.6-22.9 3.3-27.5 13.9l-48 112c-4.2 9.8-1.4 21.3 6.9 28l60.6 49.6c-36 76.7-98.9 140.5-177.2 177.2l-49.6-60.6c-6.8-8.3-18.2-11.1-28-6.9l-112 48C3.9 366.5-2 378.1.6 389.4l24 104C27.1 504.2 36.7 512 48 512c256.1 0 464-207.5 464-464 0-11.2-7.7-20.9-18.6-23.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">0096334589094<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-phone\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M493.4 24.6l-104-24c-11.3-2.6-22.9 3.3-27.5 13.9l-48 112c-4.2 9.8-1.4 21.3 6.9 28l60.6 49.6c-36 76.7-98.9 140.5-177.2 177.2l-49.6-60.6c-6.8-8.3-18.2-11.1-28-6.9l-112 48C3.9 366.5-2 378.1.6 389.4l24 104C27.1 504.2 36.7 512 48 512c256.1 0 464-207.5 464-464 0-11.2-7.7-20.9-18.6-23.4z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">00963335033<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-mail-bulk\" viewBox=\"0 0 576 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M160 448c-25.6 0-51.2-22.4-64-32-64-44.8-83.2-60.8-96-70.4V480c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h256c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V345.6c-12.8 9.6-32 25.6-96 70.4-12.8 9.6-38.4 32-64 32zm128-192H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v16c25.6 19.2 22.4 19.2 115.2 86.4 9.6 6.4 28.8 25.6 44.8 25.6s35.2-19.2 44.8-22.4c92.8-67.2 89.6-67.2 115.2-86.4V288c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32zm256-96H224c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32h96c33.21 0 60.59 25.42 63.71 57.82l.29-.22V416h192c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V192c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32zm-32 128h-64v-64h64v64zm-352-96c0-35.29 28.71-64 64-64h224V32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32H96C78.33 0 64 14.33 64 32v192h96v-32z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">info@wpu.edu.sy<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb24081 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fb24081\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9e7190 elementor-widget elementor-widget-google_maps\" data-id=\"a9e7190\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"google_maps.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-custom-embed\">\n\t\t\t<iframe loading=\"lazy\"\n\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/maps.google.com\/maps?q=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A9&#038;t=m&#038;z=9&#038;output=embed&#038;iwloc=near\"\n\t\t\t\t\ttitle=\"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\"\n\t\t\t\t\taria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\"\n\t\t\t><\/iframe>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d83b351 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d83b351\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Implementing website management at the National Private University 2025<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u0640\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u062e\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0635\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 Home Scientific Articles Articles in Engineering Articles in Dentistry Articles in Pharmacy [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7013,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_canvas","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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