{"id":7514,"date":"2025-11-15T05:58:19","date_gmt":"2025-11-15T05:58:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/?p=7514"},"modified":"2025-12-29T11:24:42","modified_gmt":"2025-12-29T11:24:42","slug":"%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%ab%d9%8e%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%a1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%8a%d9%83","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%ab%d9%8e%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%a1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%8a%d9%83\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-111\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-111\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-112\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-112\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-113\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-113\"><a href=\"http:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D9%88\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-7047\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-7047\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86%D9%8A\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-114\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-114\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AB-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-10\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-10\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%a9\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a<span role=\"button\" class=\"dropdown-menu-toggle ast-header-navigation-arrow\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\" aria-haspopup=\"true\"><\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-115\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-115\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-116\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-116\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-11\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-11\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%86\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a<span role=\"button\" class=\"dropdown-menu-toggle ast-header-navigation-arrow\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\" aria-haspopup=\"true\"><\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-117\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-117\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629-\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644-\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629-\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<span role=\"button\" class=\"dropdown-menu-toggle ast-header-navigation-arrow\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\" aria-haspopup=\"true\"><\/span><\/a>\n\t<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-776\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-776\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d8%a3%d9%81%d8%b6%d9%84-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%84%d8%a9\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-777\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-777\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d8%a3%d9%81%d8%b6%d9%84-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84-%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-778\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-778\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644-\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644-\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-780\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-780\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644-\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644-\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629-\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u062a\u0635\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 (\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a )<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-781\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-781\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644-\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644-\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li id=\"menu-item-779\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-779\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644-\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644-\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629-\u0648-\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-118\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-118\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%b7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-119\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-119\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-14\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-14\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-12\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-1710\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1710\"><a href=\"#pll_switcher\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>                <button class=\"eael-simple-menu-toggle\">\n                    <span class=\"sr-only \">Hamburger Toggle Menu<\/span>\n                    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-bars\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z\"><\/path><\/svg>                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n            \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc4568b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"bc4568b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18d6ddf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"18d6ddf\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0dab4c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c0dab4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 - \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a - <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07bc55b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"07bc55b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8a0fa5 ha-has-bg-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e8a0fa5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 :  \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-273e2c5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"273e2c5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd2bf81 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cd2bf81\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58a4e76 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"58a4e76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635:<\/strong> \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u00a0(truss, lattice, diagrid)\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 (trusses) \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u064e\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 (lattice, diagrid) \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u064e\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0646\u062a\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0650\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u062b\u064e\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\"><strong>\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629:<\/strong> \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u062b\u064e\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u064e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a:<\/strong> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p><ol><li><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646\u064a\u0629 (strength-to-weight ratios)\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0625\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645. \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629.<\/span><\/p><ol start=\"2\"><li><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\"><strong>1.2 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 <\/strong>(trusses)<strong>:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><h3><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0642\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/span><\/h3><h3><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 ([2] &amp; [1])\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629 (strength) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 (stiffness) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 (weight reduction) \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 (cost efficiency) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/span><\/h3><h3><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\">\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0633\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637.<\/span><\/h3><p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7519 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Picture1-2.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"441\" height=\"357\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Picture1-2.webp 441w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Picture1-2-300x243.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 441px) 100vw, 441px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645<\/strong> <strong>(1): \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642.<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\"><strong>2.2 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 <\/strong>lattice<strong>:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u00a0\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 (high redundancy)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\">\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 (solid isotropic material with penalization: SIMP) \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u062b\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 ([3]).<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 &#8230;\u0625\u0644\u062e\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 2) \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0638\u0628\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 3)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0633\u062d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7520 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Picture2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"445\" height=\"249\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Picture2.jpg 445w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Picture2-300x168.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 445px) 100vw, 445px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (2): \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7521 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Picture3-3.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"335\" height=\"223\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Picture3-3.webp 335w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Picture3-3-300x200.webp 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 335px) 100vw, 335px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (3): \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u064a \u0638\u0628\u064a.<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\"><strong>3.2 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 <\/strong>diagrid<strong>:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-size: 13px; color: #000000;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0634\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 (lattice) \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u062a\u062e\u0648\u0641.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 13px; color: #000000;\">\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 ([4]).<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 13px; color: #000000;\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0637\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u062c Hearst \u0641\u064a New York (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 4)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 Norman Foster \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0640 21% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a (standard design). \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639 Foster \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 The Gherkin (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 5). \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0642\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7523 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Picture4-1-225x300.webp\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Picture4-1-225x300.webp 225w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Picture4-1.webp 651w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (4): \u0628\u0631\u062c <\/strong><strong>\u201cHearst\u201d<\/strong><strong> \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643.<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7524 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Picture5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"215\" height=\"156\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645 (5): <\/strong><strong>\u201cThe Gherkin\u201d<\/strong><strong> \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\"><strong>3-\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f (sizes or dimensions) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (shape) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 (topology). \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\"><strong>1.3 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-size: 13px; color: #000000;\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a (Meta-Heuristic) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u062b\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Genetic Algorithms)\u060c \u0623\u0645\u062b\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0628 (Particle Swarm Optimization)\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0629 (Artificial Bee Colony)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a (Differential Evolution)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0649 (Simulated Annealing). \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u062b\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a ([5]).<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 13px; color: #000000;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a (Cuckoo Search) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 (Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization)\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u0628\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a ([6]).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"font-size: 13px; color: #000000;\"><strong>2.3 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"font-size: 13px; color: #000000;\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629 (Homogenization) \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 (Bubble Insertion) \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 (Nature Analogy) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0637\u0649 (\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b) ([7]).<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"font-size: 13px; color: #000000;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0637\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 (Machine Learning Systems) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u064e\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u0629 ([7]).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\"><strong>4-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0632\u063a\u0629 <\/strong>(Emerging)<strong>:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\">\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0630\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 Diagrids ([4]).<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\">\u0625\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0629 EB-A-SHADE\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0637\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 ([8]).<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\"><strong>5-\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\">\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0642\u0648\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0635\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f,<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 13px; color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\">1- Yang Feng, \u201cResearch and Application of Topology Optimization Design of Truss Structures\u201d, 27 Mar 2024<strong>, <\/strong>Highlights in Science Engineering and Technology, 10.54097\/v3b16h11.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\">2- Xin Wen,\u201d Research On Optimal Design and Application of Truss Structures\u201d, 16 Jul 2024, Highlights in Science Engineering and Technology, 10.54097\/v1529b67.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\">3- Mihai Victor Pricop,\u00a0Marian Bunea,\u00a0Roxana Nedelcu, \u201cTruss systems and shape optimization\u201d, 21 Jul 2017, 10.1063\/1.4992592.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\">4- Julieta Ant onio,\u00a0A. Tadeu,\u00a0Let\u00edcia Godinho de Souza, \u201cTopology, Size, and Shape Optimization in Civil Engineering Structures: A Review\u201d,\u00a0\u00a01 Jan 2025, Cmes-computer Modeling in Engineering &amp; Sciences, 10.32604\/cmes.2025.059249.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\">5- Aristotelis E. Charalampakis,\u00a0George C. Tsiatas,\u201d Critical Evaluation of Metaheuristic Algorithms for Weight Minimization of Truss Structures\u201d, 2 Oct 2019, Frontiers in Built Environment, 10.3389\/FBUIL.2019.00113.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\">6- Ali Kaveh,\u00a0K. Biabani Hamedani,\u00a0Farnaz Barzinpour,\u201dOptimal size and geometry design of truss structures utilizing seven meta-heuristic algorithms: a comparative study\u201d, 10 Apr 2020-Iran University of Science &amp; Technology.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\">7- M. Canonaco,\u00a0U. Loher,\u00a0V. Esslinger\u00a0,\u201d Structural Optimization Methods\u201d,1 Jan 1970, WIT Transactions on the Built Environment, 10.2495\/OP970361.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-size: 13px;\">8- Christopher Renkavieski,\u00a0Rafael Stubs Parpinelli,\u201d Meta-heuristic algorithms to truss optimization: Literature mapping and application\u201d, 15 Nov 2021, Expert Systems With Applications, 10.1016\/J.ESWA.2021.115197<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0e9aaa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c0e9aaa\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-739d3bd elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"739d3bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?hl=en&#038;user=w-OobBYAAAAJ\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/kqYvH224yICZ-\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629-\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629-150x150.webp\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-7518\" alt=\"\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/scholar.google.com\/citations?hl=en&#038;user=w-OobBYAAAAJ\">\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 : \u062f.\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629<\/a><\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 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class='tpg-header-wrapper '>\n\t\t\t\t\n        <div class=\"tpg-widget-heading-wrapper rt-clear heading-style1 \">\n            <span class=\"tpg-widget-heading-line line-left\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t<h2 class='tpg-widget-heading'>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t                    <span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h2>            <span class=\"tpg-widget-heading-line line-right\"><\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\n        <\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\t\t            <\/div>\n\n            <div data-title=\"Loading ...\" class=\"rt-row rt-content-loader list-layout1 tpg-even list-behaviour list-layout-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-12 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-list-item rt-grid-item\" data-id=\"8525\">\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder \">\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"post-right-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"8525\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d8%ab%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d9%83%d9%88%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b5%d9%88%d8%b1\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-12 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-list-item rt-grid-item\" data-id=\"7514\">\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder \">\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"post-right-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"7514\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%ab%d9%8e%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%a1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%8a%d9%83\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u064e\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-12 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-list-item rt-grid-item\" data-id=\"7279\">\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder \">\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"post-right-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"7279\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%84-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%84-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%ad%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-12 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-list-item rt-grid-item\" data-id=\"6643\">\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder \">\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"post-right-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"6643\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%83%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%84%d8%b4%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b0%d8%a7%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b9\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"rt-col-md-12 rt-col-sm-12 rt-col-xs-12 default rt-list-item rt-grid-item\" data-id=\"6764\">\n\t<div class=\"rt-holder tpg-post-holder \">\n\t\t<div class=\"rt-detail rt-el-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"post-right-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"entry-title-wrapper\"><h3 class=\"entry-title\"><a data-id=\"6764\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b6-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%aa%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%b2%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a\/\" class=\"tpg-post-link\" target=\"_self\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (1)<\/a><\/h3><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class='rt-pagination-wrap' data-total-pages='2' data-posts-per-page='5' data-type='pagination'><div class=\"rt-pagination\"><ul class=\"pagination-list\"><li class=\"active\"><span>1<\/span><\/li><li><a data-paged='2' href='https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7514\/page\/2\/'>2<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84049cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"84049cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65f1ea1 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode\" data-id=\"65f1ea1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"shortcode.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shortcode\">[IT_EPOLL_VOTING id=\"7891\"][\/IT_EPOLL_VOTING]\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f784cb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"0f784cb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92bf3c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-ha-social-share happy-addon ha-social-share\" data-id=\"92bf3c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"ha-social-share.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"ha-share-buttons\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"ha-share-button elementor-repeater-item-3b7dfc5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"sharer ha-share-network elementor-social-icon-facebook\" data-sharer=\"facebook\" data-url=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AlWataniya.Private.University\" data-hashtags=\"\" data-title=\"\" data-image=\"\" data-to=\"\" data-subject=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-facebook\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='ha-share-label'>Share<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"ha-share-button elementor-repeater-item-4ad8500\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"sharer ha-share-network elementor-social-icon-twitter\" data-sharer=\"twitter\" data-url=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/AlUniversty\" data-hashtags=\"\" data-title=\"\" data-image=\"\" data-to=\"\" data-subject=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-twitter\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='ha-share-label'>Share<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"ha-share-button elementor-repeater-item-f8dd9b1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"sharer ha-share-network elementor-social-icon-whatsapp\" data-sharer=\"whatsapp\" data-url=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%ab%d9%8e%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%a1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%8a%d9%83\/\" data-hashtags=\"\" data-title=\"\" data-image=\"\" data-to=\"\" data-subject=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-whatsapp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='ha-share-label'>Share<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"ha-share-button elementor-repeater-item-a1bf87a\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"sharer ha-share-network elementor-social-icon-telegram\" data-sharer=\"telegram\" data-url=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/%d8%af%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%85%d8%ab%d9%8e%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b5%d9%85%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%a1%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%8a%d9%83\/\" data-hashtags=\"\" data-title=\"\" data-image=\"\" data-to=\"\" data-subject=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-telegram\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='ha-share-label'>Share<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6fdc31 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c6fdc31\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5010589 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5010589\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d813ec9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d813ec9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bca4166 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bca4166\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5da6f07 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5da6f07\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d02757 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5d02757\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-970cc32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"970cc32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2007 \u0648 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u00a0 \u0633\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a :<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #0076af;\"><a style=\"color: #0076af;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #0076af;\"><a style=\"color: #0076af;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%84%d8%a9\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #0076af;\"><a style=\"color: #0076af;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a )<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #0076af;\"><a style=\"color: #0076af;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #0076af;\"><a style=\"color: #0076af;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #0076af;\"><a style=\"color: #0076af;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-37e1f3f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"37e1f3f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-474553c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"474553c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62e8bc2 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"62e8bc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span 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136.8-111.3 248-248 248C119.2 504 8 392.7 8 256 8 119.2 119.2 8 256 8c136.7 0 248 111.2 248 248zm-11.4 0c0-130.5-106.2-236.6-236.6-236.6C125.5 19.4 19.4 125.5 19.4 256S125.6 492.6 256 492.6c130.5 0 236.6-106.1 236.6-236.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/library.wpu.edu.sy\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-wordpress\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M61.7 169.4l101.5 278C92.2 413 43.3 340.2 43.3 256c0-30.9 6.6-60.1 18.4-86.6zm337.9 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