{"id":9309,"date":"2026-10-29T09:53:37","date_gmt":"2026-10-29T09:53:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/?p=9309"},"modified":"2026-10-31T07:12:16","modified_gmt":"2026-10-31T07:12:16","slug":"evaluating-the-use-of-recycled-aggregates-in-concrete-to-achieve-sustainability-in-the-construction-sector","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/en\/evaluating-the-use-of-recycled-aggregates-in-concrete-to-achieve-sustainability-in-the-construction-sector\/","title":{"rendered":"Evaluating the use of recycled aggregates in concrete to achieve sustainability in the construction sector"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"9309\" class=\"elementor elementor-9309\" data-elementor-settings=\"{&quot;ha_cmc_init_switcher&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c346e9a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c346e9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d189906 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d189906\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75fed4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"75fed4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0640\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u062e\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0635\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58151ca elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"58151ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5958a5a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5958a5a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-54ed40c eael_simple_menu_hamburger_disable_selected_menu_no eael-simple-menu-hamburger-align-right eael-simple-menu-link-full-width eael-hamburger--tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-simple-menu\" data-id=\"54ed40c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-simple-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n                        @media screen and (max-width: 1024px) {\n                            .eael-hamburger--tablet {\n                                .eael-simple-menu-horizontal,\n                                .eael-simple-menu-vertical {\n                                    display: none;\n                                }\n                            }\n                            .eael-hamburger--tablet {\n                                .eael-simple-menu-container .eael-simple-menu-toggle {\n                                    display: block;\n                                }\n                            }\n                        }\n                    <\/style><style>\n                        @media screen and (min-width: 1025px) {\n                        \/* Left aligned horizontal menus lay out with `float: left` on the\n                           items, so their list stays `block` - forcing flex here would\n                           take the items out of flow and break the row. 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aggregates in concrete to achieve sustainability in the construction sector\r\n  <\/title>\r\n\r\n\r\n  <style>\r\n\r\n    @import url('https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Cairo:wght@400;500;600;700;800&display=swap');\r\n\r\n\r\n    :root{\r\n\r\n      --bg:#f4f7fb;\r\n\r\n      --card:#ffffff;\r\n\r\n      --text:#25313d;\r\n\r\n      --muted:#6f7c89;\r\n\r\n      --primary:#0b4f8a;\r\n\r\n      --primary-dark:#073a67;\r\n\r\n      --accent:#edf4fa;\r\n\r\n      --line:#dce6ef;\r\n\r\n      --soft:#f7fafd;\r\n\r\n      --shadow:\r\n        0 18px 50px\r\n        rgba(11,79,138,.11);\r\n\r\n      --gold:#f4b619;\r\n\r\n      --gold-soft:#fff5d8;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    *{\r\n      box-sizing:border-box;\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    body{\r\n\r\n      margin:0;\r\n\r\n      background:\r\n\r\n        radial-gradient(\r\n          circle at 12% 8%,\r\n          rgba(11,79,138,.10),\r\n          transparent 24%\r\n        ),\r\n\r\n        linear-gradient(\r\n          180deg,\r\n 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      7px 13px;\r\n\r\n      border-radius:\r\n        999px;\r\n\r\n      background:\r\n        var(--gold-soft);\r\n\r\n      color:\r\n        var(--primary-dark);\r\n\r\n      font-size:\r\n        13px;\r\n\r\n      font-weight:\r\n        700;\r\n\r\n      margin-bottom:\r\n        18px;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .eyebrow::before{\r\n\r\n      content:\"\";\r\n\r\n      width:8px;\r\n\r\n      height:8px;\r\n\r\n      border-radius:\r\n        50%;\r\n\r\n      background:\r\n        var(--gold);\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    h1{\r\n\r\n      margin:0;\r\n\r\n      max-width:\r\n        1000px;\r\n\r\n      font-size:\r\n\r\n        clamp(\r\n          24px,\r\n          2.8vw,\r\n          37px\r\n        );\r\n\r\n      line-height:\r\n        1.65;\r\n\r\n      letter-spacing:\r\n        -.2px;\r\n\r\n      color:\r\n        #19344d;\r\n\r\n      font-weight:\r\n        800;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    \/* ==========================================\r\n       \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\r\n       ========================================== *\/\r\n\r\n    .meta-strip{\r\n\r\n      display:grid;\r\n\r\n      grid-template-columns:\r\n        repeat(3,1fr);\r\n\r\n      gap:\r\n        14px;\r\n\r\n      margin-top:\r\n        28px;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .meta{\r\n\r\n      padding:\r\n        14px 16px;\r\n\r\n      background:\r\n        rgba(\r\n          255,\r\n          255,\r\n          255,\r\n          .88\r\n        );\r\n\r\n      border:\r\n        1px solid\r\n        var(--line);\r\n\r\n      border-radius:\r\n        16px;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .meta span{\r\n\r\n      display:block;\r\n\r\n      color:\r\n        var(--muted);\r\n\r\n      font-size:\r\n        12px;\r\n\r\n      margin-bottom:\r\n        3px;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .meta strong{\r\n\r\n      display:block;\r\n\r\n      font-size:\r\n        14px;\r\n\r\n      color:\r\n        var(--primary-dark);\r\n\r\n      font-weight:\r\n        700;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .q2{\r\n\r\n      color:\r\n        #bb8500 !important;\r\n\r\n      font-size:\r\n        17px !important;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    \/* ==========================================\r\n       \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\r\n       ========================================== *\/\r\n\r\n    .content{\r\n\r\n      display:grid;\r\n\r\n      grid-template-columns:\r\n        minmax(0,1fr)\r\n        320px;\r\n\r\n      gap:\r\n        34px;\r\n\r\n      padding:\r\n        40px 48px 48px;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .section{\r\n\r\n      margin-bottom:\r\n        30px;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .section:last-child{\r\n\r\n      margin-bottom:\r\n        0;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .section-title{\r\n\r\n      margin:\r\n        0 0 14px;\r\n\r\n      display:flex;\r\n\r\n      align-items:center;\r\n\r\n      gap:\r\n        11px;\r\n\r\n      color:\r\n        var(--primary-dark);\r\n\r\n      font-size:\r\n        18px;\r\n\r\n      font-weight:\r\n        800;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .section-title::before{\r\n\r\n      content:\"\";\r\n\r\n      width:\r\n        5px;\r\n\r\n      height:\r\n        25px;\r\n\r\n      border-radius:\r\n        5px;\r\n\r\n      background:\r\n        var(--gold);\r\n\r\n      flex-shrink:0;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    \/* ==========================================\r\n       \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635\r\n       ========================================== *\/\r\n\r\n    .abstract{\r\n\r\n      margin:0;\r\n\r\n      color:\r\n        #3f4e5d;\r\n\r\n      font-size:\r\n        15px;\r\n\r\n      text-align:\r\n        justify;\r\n\r\n      line-height:\r\n        2.1;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .latin{\r\n\r\n      direction:ltr;\r\n\r\n      unicode-bidi:isolate;\r\n\r\n      display:inline-block;\r\n\r\n      font-family:\r\n        Arial,\r\n        sans-serif;\r\n\r\n      font-weight:\r\n        600;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    \/* ==========================================\r\n       \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\r\n       ========================================== *\/\r\n\r\n    .publication-box{\r\n\r\n      margin-top:\r\n        10px;\r\n\r\n      padding:\r\n        20px;\r\n\r\n      border:\r\n        1px solid\r\n        var(--line);\r\n\r\n      border-radius:\r\n        18px;\r\n\r\n      background:\r\n\r\n        linear-gradient(\r\n          180deg,\r\n          #fbfdff 0%,\r\n          var(--soft) 100%\r\n        );\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .publication-grid{\r\n\r\n      display:grid;\r\n\r\n      grid-template-columns:\r\n        1fr 1fr;\r\n\r\n      gap:\r\n        14px 20px;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .publication-item{\r\n\r\n      padding:\r\n        5px 0;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .info-label{\r\n\r\n      color:\r\n        var(--muted);\r\n\r\n      font-size:\r\n        12px;\r\n\r\n      display:block;\r\n\r\n      margin-bottom:\r\n        2px;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .info-value{\r\n\r\n      font-size:\r\n        14px;\r\n\r\n      font-weight:\r\n        700;\r\n\r\n      color:\r\n        #304253;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .journal{\r\n\r\n      direction:ltr;\r\n\r\n      unicode-bidi:isolate;\r\n\r\n      text-align:right;\r\n\r\n      font-family:\r\n        Arial,\r\n        sans-serif;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    \/* ==========================================\r\n       \u0632\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\r\n       ========================================== *\/\r\n\r\n    .publication-link{\r\n\r\n      margin-top:\r\n        19px;\r\n\r\n      display:inline-flex;\r\n\r\n      align-items:center;\r\n\r\n      gap:\r\n        8px;\r\n\r\n      text-decoration:none;\r\n\r\n      color:\r\n        #fff;\r\n\r\n      background:\r\n        var(--primary);\r\n\r\n      padding:\r\n        10px 17px;\r\n\r\n      border-radius:\r\n        12px;\r\n\r\n      font-size:\r\n        13px;\r\n\r\n      font-weight:\r\n        700;\r\n\r\n      transition:\r\n        .2s ease;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .publication-link:hover{\r\n\r\n      background:\r\n        var(--primary-dark);\r\n\r\n      transform:\r\n        translateY(-1px);\r\n\r\n      box-shadow:\r\n        0 6px 14px\r\n        rgba(7,58,103,.16);\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    \/* ==========================================\r\n       \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646\r\n       ========================================== *\/\r\n\r\n    .coauthors-box{\r\n\r\n      padding:\r\n        20px;\r\n\r\n      border:\r\n        1px solid\r\n        var(--line);\r\n\r\n      border-radius:\r\n        18px;\r\n\r\n      background:\r\n        #fbfdff;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .coauthors-intro{\r\n\r\n      margin:\r\n        0 0 15px;\r\n\r\n      color:\r\n        var(--muted);\r\n\r\n      font-size:\r\n        13px;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .coauthors{\r\n\r\n      display:flex;\r\n\r\n      flex-wrap:wrap;\r\n\r\n      gap:\r\n        10px;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .coauthor{\r\n\r\n      display:inline-flex;\r\n\r\n      align-items:center;\r\n\r\n      gap:\r\n        8px;\r\n\r\n      padding:\r\n        8px 13px;\r\n\r\n      border:\r\n        1px solid\r\n        var(--line);\r\n\r\n      background:\r\n        #fff;\r\n\r\n      border-radius:\r\n        12px;\r\n\r\n      color:\r\n        #405468;\r\n\r\n      font-size:\r\n        13px;\r\n\r\n      font-weight:\r\n        600;\r\n\r\n      transition:\r\n        .2s ease;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .coauthor::before{\r\n\r\n      content:\"\";\r\n\r\n      width:\r\n        6px;\r\n\r\n      height:\r\n        6px;\r\n\r\n      border-radius:\r\n        50%;\r\n\r\n      background:\r\n        var(--gold);\r\n\r\n      flex-shrink:0;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .coauthor:hover{\r\n\r\n      border-color:\r\n        rgba(244,182,25,.75);\r\n\r\n      color:\r\n        var(--primary-dark);\r\n\r\n      transform:\r\n        translateY(-1px);\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    \/* ==========================================\r\n       \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\r\n       ========================================== *\/\r\n\r\n    .sidebar{\r\n\r\n      display:flex;\r\n\r\n      flex-direction:column;\r\n\r\n      gap:\r\n        18px;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    \/* ==========================================\r\n       \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\r\n       ========================================== *\/\r\n\r\n    .researcher{\r\n\r\n      border:\r\n        1px solid\r\n        var(--line);\r\n\r\n      border-radius:\r\n        22px;\r\n\r\n      overflow:hidden;\r\n\r\n      background:\r\n        #fff;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .photo{\r\n\r\n      height:\r\n        210px;\r\n\r\n      display:flex;\r\n\r\n      justify-content:center;\r\n\r\n      align-items:center;\r\n\r\n      background:\r\n\r\n        linear-gradient(\r\n          135deg,\r\n          #edf4fa 0%,\r\n          #f8f9f3 100%\r\n        );\r\n\r\n      border-bottom:\r\n        1px solid\r\n        var(--line);\r\n\r\n      padding:\r\n        20px;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .photo-circle{\r\n\r\n      width:\r\n        155px;\r\n\r\n      height:\r\n        155px;\r\n\r\n      border-radius:\r\n        50%;\r\n\r\n      overflow:hidden;\r\n\r\n      flex-shrink:0;\r\n\r\n      background:\r\n        #e8eef3;\r\n\r\n      border:\r\n        4px solid\r\n        #fff;\r\n\r\n      box-shadow:\r\n\r\n        0 6px 20px\r\n        rgba(11,79,138,.14);\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .photo-circle img{\r\n\r\n      width:\r\n        100%;\r\n\r\n      height:\r\n        100%;\r\n\r\n      display:block;\r\n\r\n      object-fit:\r\n        cover;\r\n\r\n      object-position:\r\n        center top;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .researcher-body{\r\n\r\n      padding:\r\n        19px 20px 22px;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .role{\r\n\r\n      display:inline-block;\r\n\r\n      color:\r\n        var(--primary-dark);\r\n\r\n      background:\r\n        var(--accent);\r\n\r\n      border:\r\n        1px solid\r\n        rgba(244,182,25,.55);\r\n\r\n      border-radius:\r\n        999px;\r\n\r\n      padding:\r\n        4px 10px;\r\n\r\n      font-size:\r\n        11px;\r\n\r\n      font-weight:\r\n        700;\r\n\r\n      margin-bottom:\r\n        11px;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .researcher h3{\r\n\r\n      margin:\r\n        0 0 6px;\r\n\r\n      font-size:\r\n        20px;\r\n\r\n      line-height:\r\n        1.7;\r\n\r\n      color:\r\n        #23384c;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .degree{\r\n\r\n      color:\r\n        var(--muted);\r\n\r\n      font-size:\r\n        13px;\r\n\r\n      margin-bottom:\r\n        9px;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .affiliation{\r\n\r\n      margin:\r\n        0;\r\n\r\n      font-size:\r\n        13px;\r\n\r\n      font-weight:\r\n        600;\r\n\r\n      color:\r\n        #586979;\r\n\r\n      line-height:\r\n        1.8;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    \/* ==========================================\r\n       \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\r\n       ========================================== *\/\r\n\r\n    .researcher-email{\r\n\r\n      margin-top:\r\n        14px;\r\n\r\n      padding-top:\r\n        13px;\r\n\r\n      border-top:\r\n        1px solid\r\n        var(--line);\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .email-label{\r\n\r\n      display:block;\r\n\r\n      color:\r\n        var(--muted);\r\n\r\n      font-size:\r\n        11px;\r\n\r\n      margin-bottom:\r\n        4px;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .researcher-email a{\r\n\r\n      display:block;\r\n\r\n      direction:ltr;\r\n\r\n      text-align:left;\r\n\r\n      color:\r\n        var(--primary);\r\n\r\n      text-decoration:none;\r\n\r\n      font-size:\r\n        12px;\r\n\r\n      font-family:\r\n        Arial,\r\n        sans-serif;\r\n\r\n      word-break:\r\n        break-word;\r\n\r\n      transition:\r\n        .2s ease;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .researcher-email a:hover{\r\n\r\n      color:\r\n        var(--primary-dark);\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    \/* ==========================================\r\n       \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\r\n       ========================================== *\/\r\n\r\n    .research-note{\r\n\r\n      padding:\r\n        17px 18px;\r\n\r\n      border-radius:\r\n        17px;\r\n\r\n      background:\r\n        var(--gold-soft);\r\n\r\n      border:\r\n        1px solid\r\n        rgba(244,182,25,.40);\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .research-note-label{\r\n\r\n      color:\r\n        #8b6800;\r\n\r\n      font-size:\r\n        11px;\r\n\r\n      font-weight:\r\n        700;\r\n\r\n      margin-bottom:\r\n        3px;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    .research-note-value{\r\n\r\n      color:\r\n        var(--primary-dark);\r\n\r\n      font-size:\r\n        14px;\r\n\r\n      font-weight:\r\n        800;\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    \/* ==========================================\r\n       Responsive\r\n       ========================================== *\/\r\n\r\n    @media (max-width:900px){\r\n\r\n      .content{\r\n\r\n        grid-template-columns:\r\n          1fr;\r\n\r\n        padding:\r\n          30px;\r\n\r\n      }\r\n\r\n\r\n      .hero{\r\n\r\n        padding:\r\n          32px 30px;\r\n\r\n      }\r\n\r\n\r\n      .sidebar{\r\n\r\n        width:\r\n          min(\r\n            100%,\r\n            460px\r\n          );\r\n\r\n        margin:\r\n          auto;\r\n\r\n      }\r\n\r\n\r\n      .meta-strip{\r\n\r\n        grid-template-columns:\r\n          1fr;\r\n\r\n      }\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    @media (max-width:620px){\r\n\r\n      .page{\r\n\r\n        width:\r\n          min(\r\n            calc(100% - 18px),\r\n            1180px\r\n          );\r\n\r\n        margin:\r\n          18px auto;\r\n\r\n      }\r\n\r\n\r\n      .research-card{\r\n\r\n        border-radius:\r\n          20px;\r\n\r\n      }\r\n\r\n\r\n      .hero,\r\n      .content{\r\n\r\n        padding:\r\n          24px 20px;\r\n\r\n      }\r\n\r\n\r\n      .publication-grid{\r\n\r\n        grid-template-columns:\r\n          1fr;\r\n\r\n      }\r\n\r\n\r\n      .photo{\r\n\r\n        height:\r\n          185px;\r\n\r\n      }\r\n\r\n\r\n      .photo-circle{\r\n\r\n        width:\r\n          140px;\r\n\r\n        height:\r\n          140px;\r\n\r\n      }\r\n\r\n\r\n      h1{\r\n\r\n        font-size:\r\n          23px;\r\n\r\n        line-height:\r\n          1.75;\r\n\r\n      }\r\n\r\n\r\n      .abstract{\r\n\r\n        font-size:\r\n          14px;\r\n\r\n      }\r\n\r\n\r\n      .coauthors{\r\n\r\n        display:grid;\r\n\r\n        grid-template-columns:\r\n          1fr;\r\n\r\n      }\r\n\r\n\r\n      .coauthor{\r\n\r\n        width:\r\n          100%;\r\n\r\n      }\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n    \/* ==========================================\r\n       \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629\r\n       ========================================== *\/\r\n\r\n    @media print{\r\n\r\n      body{\r\n\r\n        background:\r\n          #fff;\r\n\r\n      }\r\n\r\n\r\n      .page{\r\n\r\n        width:\r\n          100%;\r\n\r\n        margin:0;\r\n\r\n      }\r\n\r\n\r\n      .research-card{\r\n\r\n        box-shadow:none;\r\n\r\n        border:\r\n          1px solid\r\n          #d9e3ed;\r\n\r\n      }\r\n\r\n\r\n      .publication-link{\r\n\r\n        background:\r\n          #fff;\r\n\r\n        color:\r\n          var(--primary);\r\n\r\n        border:\r\n          1px solid\r\n          var(--primary);\r\n\r\n      }\r\n\r\n    }\r\n\r\n\r\n  <\/style>\r\n\r\n<\/head>\r\n\r\n\r\n<body>\r\n\r\n\r\n  <main class=\"page\">\r\n\r\n\r\n    <article class=\"research-card\">\r\n\r\n\r\n      <!-- ========================================\r\n           \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\r\n           ======================================== -->\r\n\r\n      <header class=\"hero\">\r\n\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"eyebrow\">\r\n          Joint Research Paper   \r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n        <h1>\r\n        Evaluating the use of recycled aggregates in concrete to achieve sustainability in the construction sector\r\n\t  <\/h1>\r\n\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"meta-strip\">\r\n\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"meta\">\r\n\r\n            <span>\r\n              Publication Type\r\n            <\/span>\r\n\r\n            <strong>\r\n            External\r\n            <\/strong>\r\n\r\n          <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"meta\">\r\n\r\n            <span>\r\n               Publisher\r\n            <\/span>\r\n\r\n            <strong dir=\"ltr\">\r\n             Sahel Almarifah Journal of Humanities and Applied Sciences\r\n            <\/strong>\r\n\r\n          <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n         <!-- <div class=\"meta\">\r\n\r\n            <span>\r\n              Rank\r\n            <\/span>\r\n\r\n            <strong class=\"q2\">\r\n              Q2\r\n            <\/strong> \r\n\r\n          <\/div>-->\r\n\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n      <\/header>\r\n\r\n\r\n      <!-- ========================================\r\n           \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\r\n           ======================================== -->\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"content\">\r\n\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"main-column\">\r\n\r\n\r\n          <!-- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 -->\r\n\r\n          <section class=\"section\">\r\n\r\n\r\n            <h2 class=\"section-title\">\r\n              Abstract\r\n            <\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <p class=\"abstract\">\r\n\t\tThere is a growing global trend towards achieving sustainability in construction by finding practical solutions for recycling construction and demolition waste. This transforms the waste from an environmental problem into a valuable resource, providing an effective way of securing sustainable building materials.\r\n\r\nResearch in this field has increased significantly.\r\n\r\nThis study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using recycled aggregate in structural elements. A stress-strain diagram was developed for concrete made with recycled aggregate at replacement rates of 50%, 75% and 100%. The study then involved an experimental programme involving reinforced concrete columns measuring 20 x 20 x 100 cm with longitudinal reinforcement of 4T12 mm and 11 transverse bracing bars, each with a diameter of 8 cm, reinforced at the top and bottom. These columns were constructed using concrete with 50%, 75% and 100% recycled aggregate. A plasticiser was added to improve workability. Experiments were conducted at two values of bidirectional eccentricity: E1 (180 x 100 mm) and E2 (230 x 100 mm). Finally, a programme was developed in Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) \u2013 Excel to analyse the cross-section of a rectangular column subjected to bidirectional eccentricity, and to compare the experimental results with those obtained from recycled aggregate.\r\nThe results revealed a high degree of similarity in the stress-strain diagrams for natural and recycled aggregates, with a lower peak and increased deformation in the downward branch. Concrete strength decreased by 7.5%, 15% and 18.8% when recycled aggregate was used at 50%, 75% and 100% respectively.\r\nThe research concluded that recycled aggregate can be used in specific proportions, provided that good particle grading is achieved and a suitable plasticiser is added. The failure mechanism was similar in columns subjected to eccentric compression and constructed with natural aggregate compared to those constructed with recycled aggregate. The experimental and analytical results\r\nwere similar \r\n\t\t\t<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n          <\/section>\r\n\r\n\r\n          <!-- ====================================\r\n               \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\r\n               ==================================== -->\r\n\r\n          <section class=\"section\">\r\n\r\n\r\n            <h2 class=\"section-title\">\r\n              Publication Data\r\n            <\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"publication-box\">\r\n\r\n\r\n              <div class=\"publication-grid\">\r\n\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"publication-item\">\r\n\r\n                  <span class=\"info-label\">\r\n                    Publication Type\r\n                  <\/span>\r\n\r\n                  <div class=\"info-value\">\r\n                    external\r\n                  <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n              <!--  <div class=\"publication-item\">\r\n\r\n                  <span class=\"info-label\">\r\n                    Rank\r\n                  <\/span>\r\n\r\n                  <div class=\"info-value q2\">\r\n                    Q2\r\n                  <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <\/div>-->\r\n\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"publication-item\">\r\n\r\n                  <span class=\"info-label\">\r\n                    Publisher\r\n                  <\/span>\r\n\r\n                  <div class=\"info-value\">\r\n                   Springer Nature Link\r\n                  <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"publication-item\">\r\n\r\n                  <span class=\"info-label\">\r\n                    Type of Research\r\n                  <\/span>\r\n\r\n                  <div class=\"info-value\">\r\n                   a case report\r\n                  <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n              <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n              <a\r\n                class=\"publication-link\"\r\n                href=\" https:\/\/ojs.academy.edu.ly\/index.php\/JKCHAS\/issue\/view\/71\"\r\n                target=\"_blank\"\r\n                rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\r\n              >\r\n                Open research link \u2197\r\n              <\/a>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n          <\/section>\r\n\r\n\r\n          <!-- ====================================\r\n               \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646\r\n               ====================================\r\n\r\n          <section class=\"section\">\r\n\r\n\r\n            <h2 class=\"section-title\">\r\n              Co-researchers\r\n            <\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"coauthors-box\">\r\n\r\n\r\n              <p class=\"coauthors-intro\">\r\n                Contributed to the research preparation:\r\n              <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n              <div class=\"coauthors\">\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n                <span class=\"coauthor\">\r\n                  DR . Bushra Ammar Aloumry\r\n                <\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\n                  \r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"coauthor\">\r\n                  DR . Rasha Mahmoud Alhasan\r\n                <\/span>\r\n                \r\n              <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n          <\/section>-->\r\n\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n        <!-- ======================================\r\n             \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\r\n             ====================================== -->\r\n\r\n        <aside class=\"sidebar\">\r\n\r\n\r\n          <!-- \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a -->\r\n\r\n         \r\n\r\n <aside class=\"sidebar\">\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"section-title\">\r\n             \r\n             \r\n               Authors\r\n              <\/div>\r\n          <!-- \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a -->\r\n\r\n          <section class=\"researcher\">\r\n\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"photo\">\r\n\r\n\r\n              <div class=\"photo-circle\">\r\n\r\n\r\n                <img decoding=\"async\"\r\n                  src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/ChatGPT-Image-Aug-23-2026-11_28_47-AM-1.png\"\r\n                  alt=\" dr. bushra Alakkari\"\r\n                >\r\n\r\n\r\n              <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <div class=\"researcher-body\">\r\n\r\n\r\n              \r\n\r\n\r\n              <h3>\r\n                dr. bushra Alakkari\r\n              <\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n              <div class=\"degree\">\r\n                 Academic Title : Doctor\r\n              <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n              <p class=\"affiliation\">\r\n                 Faculty of Civil Engineering - Al-Wataniya Private University\r\n              <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n              <div class=\"researcher-email\">\r\n\r\n\r\n                <span class=\"email-label\">\r\n                  \r\n                <\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\n                <a\r\n                  href=\"bushra-alakkari@wpu.edu.sy\"\r\n                >\r\n                  bushra-alakkari@wpu.edu.sy\r\n                <\/a>\r\n\r\n\r\n              <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<!-- \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a -->\r\n\r\n              <div class=\"photo\">\r\n\r\n\r\n              <div class=\"photo-circle\">\r\n\r\n\r\n                <img decoding=\"async\"\r\n                  src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/ChatGPT-Image-Aug-23-2026-11_28_47-AM-2.png\"\r\n                  alt=\"dr.Ranrn Aldarf\"\r\n                >\r\n\r\n\r\n              <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <\/div>\r\n             \r\n            <div class=\"researcher-body\">\r\n\r\n            \r\n              <h3>\r\n               dr.Ranrn Aldarf\r\n              <\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n              <div class=\"degree\">\r\n                 Academic Title : Doctor\r\n              <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n              <p class=\"affiliation\">\r\n               Faculty of Civil Engineering - Al-Wataniya Private University\r\n              <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n               <!--<div class=\"researcher-email\">\r\n\r\n\r\n                <span class=\"email-label\">\r\n                  \r\n                <\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\n                <a\r\n                  href=\"ruba.alsaeed@wpu.edu.sy\"\r\n                >\r\n                  ruba.alsaeed@wpu.edu.sy\r\n                <\/a>\r\n\r\n\r\n              <\/div>-->\r\n\r\n<!-- \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\r\n\r\n              <div class=\"photo\">\r\n\r\n\r\n              <div class=\"photo-circle\">\r\n\r\n\r\n                <img decoding=\"async\"\r\n                  src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/dkjPgRiWjmLN-\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629-\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629_\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631-\u0642\u0635\u064a-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0634.jpg\"\r\n                  alt=\" dr. Amer Qousai Aldarwish\"\r\n                >\r\n\r\n\r\n              <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n            <\/div>\r\n             \r\n            <div class=\"researcher-body\">\r\n\r\n            \r\n              <h3>\r\n               dr. Amer Qousai Aldarwish\r\n              <\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n              <div class=\"degree\">\r\n                 Academic Title : Doctor\r\n              <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n              <p class=\"affiliation\">\r\n               Faculty of Civil Engineering - Al-Wataniya Private University\r\n              <\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n               <div class=\"researcher-email\">\r\n\r\n\r\n                <span class=\"email-label\">\r\n                  \r\n                <\/span>\r\n\r\n\r\n                <a\r\n                  href=\"dalia-awlad@wpu.edu.sy\"\r\n                >\r\n                aamer.aldarwish@wpu.edu.sy\r\n                <\/a>\r\n\r\n\r\n              <\/div>\r\n            <\/div> -->\r\n\r\n          <\/section>\r\n\r\n\r\n          <!-- \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 -->\r\n\r\n          \r\n\r\n\r\n        <\/aside>\r\n\r\n\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n    <\/article>\r\n\r\n\r\n  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data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35498e3 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"35498e3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93ed48b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"93ed48b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a7e31a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8a7e31a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-903dea0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"903dea0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-320b705 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"320b705\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2007 \u0648 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u00a0 \u0633\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a :<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #0076af;\"><a style=\"color: #0076af;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #0076af;\"><a style=\"color: #0076af;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%84%d8%a9\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #0076af;\"><a style=\"color: #0076af;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a )<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #0076af;\"><a style=\"color: #0076af;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #0076af;\"><a style=\"color: #0076af;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #0076af;\"><a style=\"color: #0076af;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcf1103 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"bcf1103\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b75d191 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b75d191\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ea751d elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"1ea751d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-wordpress\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M61.7 169.4l101.5 278C92.2 413 43.3 340.2 43.3 256c0-30.9 6.6-60.1 18.4-86.6zm337.9 75.9c0-26.3-9.4-44.5-17.5-58.7-10.8-17.5-20.9-32.4-20.9-49.9 0-19.6 14.8-37.8 35.7-37.8.9 0 1.8.1 2.8.2-37.9-34.7-88.3-55.9-143.7-55.9-74.3 0-139.7 38.1-177.8 95.9 5 .2 9.7.3 13.7.3 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l77.5 230.4L249.8 247l-33.1-90.8c-11.5-.7-22.3-2-22.3-2-11.5-.7-10.1-18.2 1.3-17.5 0 0 35.1 2.7 56 2.7 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l76.9 228.7 21.2-70.9c9-29.4 16-50.5 16-68.7zm-139.9 29.3l-63.8 185.5c19.1 5.6 39.2 8.7 60.1 8.7 24.8 0 48.5-4.3 70.6-12.1-.6-.9-1.1-1.9-1.5-2.9l-65.4-179.2zm183-120.7c.9 6.8 1.4 14 1.4 21.9 0 21.6-4 45.8-16.2 76.2l-65 187.9C426.2 403 468.7 334.5 468.7 256c0-37-9.4-71.8-26-102.1zM504 256c0 136.8-111.3 248-248 248C119.2 504 8 392.7 8 256 8 119.2 119.2 8 256 8c136.7 0 248 111.2 248 248zm-11.4 0c0-130.5-106.2-236.6-236.6-236.6C125.5 19.4 19.4 125.5 19.4 256S125.6 492.6 256 492.6c130.5 0 236.6-106.1 236.6-236.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/library.wpu.edu.sy\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-wordpress\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M61.7 169.4l101.5 278C92.2 413 43.3 340.2 43.3 256c0-30.9 6.6-60.1 18.4-86.6zm337.9 75.9c0-26.3-9.4-44.5-17.5-58.7-10.8-17.5-20.9-32.4-20.9-49.9 0-19.6 14.8-37.8 35.7-37.8.9 0 1.8.1 2.8.2-37.9-34.7-88.3-55.9-143.7-55.9-74.3 0-139.7 38.1-177.8 95.9 5 .2 9.7.3 13.7.3 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l77.5 230.4L249.8 247l-33.1-90.8c-11.5-.7-22.3-2-22.3-2-11.5-.7-10.1-18.2 1.3-17.5 0 0 35.1 2.7 56 2.7 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l76.9 228.7 21.2-70.9c9-29.4 16-50.5 16-68.7zm-139.9 29.3l-63.8 185.5c19.1 5.6 39.2 8.7 60.1 8.7 24.8 0 48.5-4.3 70.6-12.1-.6-.9-1.1-1.9-1.5-2.9l-65.4-179.2zm183-120.7c.9 6.8 1.4 14 1.4 21.9 0 21.6-4 45.8-16.2 76.2l-65 187.9C426.2 403 468.7 334.5 468.7 256c0-37-9.4-71.8-26-102.1zM504 256c0 136.8-111.3 248-248 248C119.2 504 8 392.7 8 256 8 119.2 119.2 8 256 8c136.7 0 248 111.2 248 248zm-11.4 0c0-130.5-106.2-236.6-236.6-236.6C125.5 19.4 19.4 125.5 19.4 256S125.6 492.6 256 492.6c130.5 0 236.6-106.1 236.6-236.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-wordpress\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M61.7 169.4l101.5 278C92.2 413 43.3 340.2 43.3 256c0-30.9 6.6-60.1 18.4-86.6zm337.9 75.9c0-26.3-9.4-44.5-17.5-58.7-10.8-17.5-20.9-32.4-20.9-49.9 0-19.6 14.8-37.8 35.7-37.8.9 0 1.8.1 2.8.2-37.9-34.7-88.3-55.9-143.7-55.9-74.3 0-139.7 38.1-177.8 95.9 5 .2 9.7.3 13.7.3 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l77.5 230.4L249.8 247l-33.1-90.8c-11.5-.7-22.3-2-22.3-2-11.5-.7-10.1-18.2 1.3-17.5 0 0 35.1 2.7 56 2.7 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l76.9 228.7 21.2-70.9c9-29.4 16-50.5 16-68.7zm-139.9 29.3l-63.8 185.5c19.1 5.6 39.2 8.7 60.1 8.7 24.8 0 48.5-4.3 70.6-12.1-.6-.9-1.1-1.9-1.5-2.9l-65.4-179.2zm183-120.7c.9 6.8 1.4 14 1.4 21.9 0 21.6-4 45.8-16.2 76.2l-65 187.9C426.2 403 468.7 334.5 468.7 256c0-37-9.4-71.8-26-102.1zM504 256c0 136.8-111.3 248-248 248C119.2 504 8 392.7 8 256 8 119.2 119.2 8 256 8c136.7 0 248 111.2 248 248zm-11.4 0c0-130.5-106.2-236.6-236.6-236.6C125.5 19.4 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Dentistry Articles in Pharmacy 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