{"id":9314,"date":"2026-10-29T11:31:27","date_gmt":"2026-10-29T11:31:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/?p=9314"},"modified":"2026-10-31T07:13:17","modified_gmt":"2026-10-31T07:13:17","slug":"application-of-the-hec-hms-model-for-runoff-simulation-in-al-sanober-watershed-syria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/en\/application-of-the-hec-hms-model-for-runoff-simulation-in-al-sanober-watershed-syria\/","title":{"rendered":"Application of the HEC-HMS model for runoff simulation in Al-Sanober Watershed, Syria"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"9314\" class=\"elementor elementor-9314\" data-elementor-settings=\"{&quot;ha_cmc_init_switcher&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50fe084 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"50fe084\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2e57b7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b2e57b7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2be5067 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2be5067\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0640\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u062e\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0635\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5067f6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5067f6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d2134c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9d2134c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ceeb62f eael_simple_menu_hamburger_disable_selected_menu_no eael-simple-menu-hamburger-align-right eael-simple-menu-link-full-width eael-hamburger--tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-simple-menu\" data-id=\"ceeb62f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-simple-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n                        @media screen and (max-width: 1024px) {\n                            .eael-hamburger--tablet {\n                                .eael-simple-menu-horizontal,\n                                .eael-simple-menu-vertical {\n                                    display: none;\n                                }\n                            }\n                            .eael-hamburger--tablet {\n                                .eael-simple-menu-container .eael-simple-menu-toggle {\n                                    display: block;\n                                }\n                            }\n                        }\n                    <\/style><style>\n                        @media screen and (min-width: 1025px) {\n                        \/* Left aligned horizontal menus lay out with `float: left` on the\n                           items, so their list stays `block` - forcing flex here would\n                           take the items out of flow and break the row. 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160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z\"><\/path><\/svg>                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n            \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-124523e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"124523e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-468d786 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"468d786\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Application of the HEC-HMS model for runoff simulation in Al-Sanober Watershed, Syria<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bfb34b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6bfb34b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47c3d24 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"47c3d24\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cc7d6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5cc7d6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5589cc7 elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"5589cc7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/D.AMER_-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-8693\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">dr. Amer Qousai Aldarwish<\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Faculty of Civil Engineering - Al-Wataniya Private University<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c3eb29 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3c3eb29\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d379bb elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"1d379bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/\u0631\u0628\u0627-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-8906\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">dr. Ruba Dahham Alsaeed<\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Faculty of Civil Engineering - Al-Wataniya Private University<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e61dea elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"0e61dea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7509e4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e7509e4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4c93c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a4c93c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/p><div class=\"mt-1\">Reliable runoff modeling is essential for water-resource planning in seasonal, ungauged basins. This study developed an HEC-HMS model for the 252 km2 AL-Sanober watershed, using SCS-CN for losses (with GCN250 curve numbers), SCS unit hydrograph for rainfall\u2013runoff transformation, and Muskingum routing for channel flow. Curve numbers were adjusted for slope with Hang\u2019s equation (2006) and an initial abstraction ratio \u03bb = 0.05. The model was calibrated and validated with two observed storm events and evaluated using RSR, NSE, PBIAS, and R\u00b2. Slope-adjusted CN inputs produced accurate simulations of runoff volume and peak discharge. A Type II 24-h temporal distribution was confirmed via statistical indicators and trial-and-error for hypothetical design storms, enabling derivation of runoff curves, coefficients, and return-period estimates. Mean annual runoff (2008\u20132015) was 373 mm, equivalent to ~85 million m3. Sensitivity analysis showed peak discharge responds more strongly to CN changes than to rainfall increases, emphasizing watershed-specific CN refinement.<\/div><div>Keywords: HEC-HMS; GCN250; slope-adjusted CN; initial abstraction ratio; runoff hydrograph.<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div data-ha-element-link=\"{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.inderscienceonline.com\\\/doi\\\/abs\\\/10.1504\\\/IJHST.2026.155159&quot;,&quot;is_external&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;nofollow&quot;:&quot;&quot;}\" style=\"cursor: pointer\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39b5010 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"39b5010\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><p><b>Co-researchers:<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">DR. \u00a0Edina Koch &#8211; DR. \u00a0Mais Mayassah &#8211; DR. Shaymaa Alsamia<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>Publisher:<\/strong> International Journal of Hydrology Science and Technology-United kingdom \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-size: 16px;\"><strong>Rank:<\/strong> Q3<\/span><\/p><\/div><p><strong>URL:<\/strong><\/p><p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inderscienceonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1504\/IJHST.2026.155159\">Open research link \u2197<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96d48c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"96d48c1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec63443 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ec63443\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" 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Dentistry Articles in Pharmacy 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