{"id":9356,"date":"2026-07-07T17:36:28","date_gmt":"2026-07-07T17:36:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/?p=9356"},"modified":"2026-10-31T08:07:27","modified_gmt":"2026-10-31T08:07:27","slug":"integrated-strategies-for-sustainable-water-management-under-optimism-and-caution-the-case-of-orontes-river-basin-syria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/en\/integrated-strategies-for-sustainable-water-management-under-optimism-and-caution-the-case-of-orontes-river-basin-syria\/","title":{"rendered":"INTEGRATED STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE WATER MANAGEMENT UNDER OPTIMISM AND CAUTION: THE CASE OF ORONTES RIVER BASIN, SYRIA"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"9356\" class=\"elementor elementor-9356\" data-elementor-settings=\"{&quot;ha_cmc_init_switcher&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9203dd7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9203dd7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eab68ad e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"eab68ad\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb96ed2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fb96ed2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0640\u062c\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0640\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u062e\u0640\u0640\u0627\u0635\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b2e9b2a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b2e9b2a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f57c6a8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f57c6a8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-901f372 eael_simple_menu_hamburger_disable_selected_menu_no eael-simple-menu-hamburger-align-right eael-simple-menu-link-full-width eael-hamburger--tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-simple-menu\" data-id=\"901f372\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-simple-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n                        @media screen and (max-width: 1024px) {\n                            .eael-hamburger--tablet {\n                                .eael-simple-menu-horizontal,\n                                .eael-simple-menu-vertical {\n                                    display: none;\n                                }\n                            }\n                            .eael-hamburger--tablet {\n                                .eael-simple-menu-container .eael-simple-menu-toggle {\n                                    display: block;\n                                }\n                            }\n                        }\n                    <\/style><style>\n                        @media screen and (min-width: 1025px) {\n                        \/* Left aligned horizontal menus lay out with `float: left` on the\n                           items, so their list stays `block` - forcing flex here would\n                           take the items out of flow and break the row. 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BASIN, SYRIA\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27dacbb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"27dacbb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0640028 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0640028\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49e9514 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"49e9514\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d66d63a elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"d66d63a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/501830dc26bb8525b80c4a02-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-8851\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">DR.Boshra Khozam<\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Faculty of Civil Engineering - Al-Wataniya Private University<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af57763 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"af57763\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-edf5621 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"edf5621\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f426d76 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f426d76\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5c9b94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a5c9b94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/h5><h6>To promote water productivity (Wp) in the Orontes Basin, which suffers from many problems like unsustainable freshwater use in the upper and midmost sub-basins (from Lebanese-Syrian borders to Rastan dam) in parallel with increased agriculture production intensity, increased pollution, population, and economic growth, some logical solutions (strategies) were studied by using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model.<br \/>Climate changes, marginal water reuse, industrial growth, and the implementation of new water saving techniques such as maintenance of domestic and agricultural networks, closed water cycles in industry, application of the low population growth rate, proposed construction of a new dam downstream of Lake Qattineh, and virtual water concept, all those were considered important factors in the software&#8217;s analysis.<br \/>The results are visualized as graphs, maps and tables, and show the importance of Remote Sensing techniques (RS) and GIS in the description of the studied basin in terms of accuracy, saving effort and time, as well as an employment of derived GIS layers in WEAP, which linked the past values and present ones with future strategies data digitally after being carefully calibrating them, which overall will achieve the sustainable development in studied area by 2050, if it applied on the ground. The unmet demand will almost disappear in the climate cases [normal (A) and dry (B)], and we will get surplus of 25 MCM at (A) by 2050. While the unmet demand will remain at the very dry case (C) and the basin\u2019s Wp will tot up to 76% compared to its same value -64% in the Reference scenario (RF) without application any strategy. Also, when we take the virtual water concept in account, can save more water and money.<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02d1379 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"02d1379\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><p><strong>Publisher:<\/strong> African Asian Rural Development Organization Journal<\/p><\/div><p><strong>URL:<\/strong><\/p><h6><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aardo.org\/Journal.php\">Open research link \u2197<\/a><\/strong><\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f07f861 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f07f861\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" 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data-settings=\"{&quot;_ha_eqh_enable&quot;:false}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9db96f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e9db96f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d238b39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d238b39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2007 \u0648 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u00a0 \u0633\u062a 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#0076af;\"><a style=\"color: #0076af;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #0076af;\"><a style=\"color: #0076af;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #0076af;\"><a style=\"color: #0076af;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 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xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M61.7 169.4l101.5 278C92.2 413 43.3 340.2 43.3 256c0-30.9 6.6-60.1 18.4-86.6zm337.9 75.9c0-26.3-9.4-44.5-17.5-58.7-10.8-17.5-20.9-32.4-20.9-49.9 0-19.6 14.8-37.8 35.7-37.8.9 0 1.8.1 2.8.2-37.9-34.7-88.3-55.9-143.7-55.9-74.3 0-139.7 38.1-177.8 95.9 5 .2 9.7.3 13.7.3 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l77.5 230.4L249.8 247l-33.1-90.8c-11.5-.7-22.3-2-22.3-2-11.5-.7-10.1-18.2 1.3-17.5 0 0 35.1 2.7 56 2.7 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l76.9 228.7 21.2-70.9c9-29.4 16-50.5 16-68.7zm-139.9 29.3l-63.8 185.5c19.1 5.6 39.2 8.7 60.1 8.7 24.8 0 48.5-4.3 70.6-12.1-.6-.9-1.1-1.9-1.5-2.9l-65.4-179.2zm183-120.7c.9 6.8 1.4 14 1.4 21.9 0 21.6-4 45.8-16.2 76.2l-65 187.9C426.2 403 468.7 334.5 468.7 256c0-37-9.4-71.8-26-102.1zM504 256c0 136.8-111.3 248-248 248C119.2 504 8 392.7 8 256 8 119.2 119.2 8 256 8c136.7 0 248 111.2 248 248zm-11.4 0c0-130.5-106.2-236.6-236.6-236.6C125.5 19.4 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