Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University
Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University is a peer-reviewed, research journal that publishes original research papers across various scientific fields. The journal aims to provide a platform for researchers to disseminate their findings to scholars in all areas of research, thereby promoting innovation and knowledge exchange. It follows a rigorous peer-review process to ensure the quality and validity of the published studies, making it a valuable resource for academics, scientists, and researchers within the scientific community. Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University (JWPU) is committed to an Open Access policy, whereby all published research is freely available to everyone through the journal’s website immediately upon publication. Readers are permitted to view, download, and cite the full texts of articles without restriction, provided that proper attribution to the source is given. Through this policy, the journal aims to enhance the dissemination of scientific knowledge, increase opportunities for knowledge exchange, and support the Open Access movement, which strengthens the impact of scientific research at both the local and global levels. Publisher: Al-Wataniya Private University Editor-in-Chief: Prof. Ahed Khezam Publication Languages: Arabic and English Publication Frequency: Biannual (two issues per year) Publication Fees: Fully free of charge. The journal does not charge any fees for submission, review, or publication. Average Time of the First Review Round: 4–6 weeks
Studying the effect of mixing temperature changes on the properties and behavior of asphalt concrete
Heating hot mix asphalt (HMA) at high various temperture leads to adverse results, that negatively affected on asphalt concrete properties and pavement problems. This research offers an analytical experimental study of mechanical properties of bituminous mixtures under the influence of different temperature of mixing (160Co- 175Co - 190Co -205Co -220Co) by Marshal's method. The results showed that rising temperature of mixing gives clearly negative effects on mechanical properties of the bituminous mixtures under the effect of temperature and freezing and thawing. As for the tensile strength ratio (TSR) values, the results showed that for values above 80%, the temperature of the mixing mustn,t less (160Co) for the wear layer, and (155Co) for the base layer. So we found it to obtain asphalt concrete with specifications of resisting the changes of climate, distortions, and loads the temperature of mixing should be in the range (160-165)Co, otherwise we will get results do not meet the required specifications and reduce the design age of the road.
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
The Impact of the Physical Environment on Brand Love (Field Study on XO Store Customers)
This study aimed to identify the physical environment in an XO store and examine the relationship between the physical environment as an independent variable, measured through the following indicators: (scent, interior arrangement, temperature, music), and brand loyalty as a dependent variable, among XO store customers in the city of Hama. To achieve the study’s objectives, the researchers designed a questionnaire that included (25) research questions to collect primary data from a study sample of (420) individuals. In light of this, the data were collected, analysed, and hypotheses tested using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 22.0. A number of results were reached, which can be summarized as follows:There was a significant effect of all dimensions of the physical environment (smell, interior arrangement, temperature, music) on brand loyalty at the XO store, as there was a strong, direct correlation between the two variables at the XO store under study. The researchers also presented a set of recommendations to leverage the impact of the physical environment on brand loyalty at the XO store in Hama. The most prominent of these recommendations is to encourage creativity in providing elements of the physical environment in a manner that is consistent with the brand’s personality and that is appropriate for the target customers. This will enhance these customers’ loyalty to the brand and strengthen their emotional attachment to the store
The Impact of Emotional Intelligence in Team Performance (A Field Study of Private Banks Operating in Hama Governorate)
This study aimed to determine the impact of emotional intelligence of administrative leadership in team performance in private banks in Hama Governorate. To achieve this, the researchers relied on the descriptive-analytical approach as the general research methodology. A questionnaire was designed, and distributed to a Purposive sample of administrative leaders, and team members in various departments in four private banks in Hama Governorate: (National Islamic Bank, Al-Baraka, Al-Sham, and Al-Shahba). The researchers used SPSS version 25 to conduct statistical descriptions and test the research hypotheses. The questionnaire was further strengthened by personal interviews. The study found a statistically significant effect between the dimensions of emotional intelligence of administrative leadership (self-awareness, empathy, and social skills) and the performance of work teams in the Islamic banks operating in Hama Governorate, the subject of the study. The study also made a set of recommendations, most notably considering adopting the concept of emotional intelligence as a measure for teaching, training, and recruitment
Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) As A Tumor Marker For Detecting Prostate Cancer In A Sample Of Syrian Patients
Prostate cancer (PC) is a hormone-dependent malignant tumor often originating from epithelial cells in the prostate gland. It is the second most common cancer among men and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Its variable clinical behavior makes early detection critical to improving prognosis. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a key tumor marker used in diagnosis and follow-up. This study evaluated the PSA test’s effectiveness in detecting PC and analyzed its relationship with tumor stage, age, smoking, and body mass index (BMI). Fifty participants (25 patients and 25 healthy individuals) were included to assess diagnostic performance; correlations with clinical variables were analyzed in confirmed cancer patients only. The total PSA test showed 96% sensitivity and 88% specificity at a 4 ng/ml threshold. A significant positive correlation was found between PSA and both tumor stage and age; no significant correlation was found with smoking, and a slight inverse correlation was noted with BMI. These results suggest PSA is effective for early PC detection when used alongside complementary diagnostic tools to support clinical decision-making
Study of the Prevalence of Short Stature and Its Relationship with Nutritional Status among Schoolchildren in Hama Governorate, Syria: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study
tunting remains a significant public health concern in developing countries, especially in crisis-affected regions like Syria. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of short stature as an indicator of nutritional and developmental status among schoolchildren in Hama Governorate. A total of 201 students (101 males, 100 females), aged 10–14 years, were randomly selected. Their height and weight were accurately measured, and Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. Statistical analyses (t-test, ANOVA, chi-square) were applied. Findings revealed that 37% of children were stunted—exceeding global and regional averages. No significant gender differences were observed in height, weight, or BMI, suggesting equal exposure to environmental and nutritional factors. Stunted children had the lowest mean height and weight, while overweight children had the highest, highlighting the coexistence of undernutrition and overnutrition. The study emphasizes the need for integrated interventions, including enhanced school nutrition programs, early detection systems, and community health awareness. It also recommends longitudinal research to monitor trends and assess the effectiveness of context-specific preventive and therapeutic strategies
Study on the extraction of the local Portulaca oleracea plant and evaluation of the sun protection factor (SPF)of both aqueous and ethanolic extracts.
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the primary cause of skin damage, premature aging, and skin cancer. Due to safety concerns regarding synthetic sunscreens, interest in natural plant ingredients has increased as safe alternatives to chemical sunscreens. Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) is known for its richness in phenolics and flavonoids, which possess excellent UV-absorbing properties. This study evaluated Portulaca oleracea leaf and stem extracts (aqueous and alcoholic) via UV-vis spectroscopy (200–400 nm). Sun protection factor (SPF) values ​​were calculated Using a reference method. The alcoholic leaf extract showed the highest SPF (40), followed by the aqueous leaf extract (SPF = 30). The stem extracts showed lower, but still good, activity (alcoholic: SPF = 20; aqueous: SPF = 12). The results highlight purslane's potential as a natural sunscreen ingredient, particularly in alcoholic leaf extracts. Improved formulations could provide safer and more synergistic UV protection compared to chemical filters
Voice Cloning with Deep Neural Networks: Techniques, Evaluation, Applications, and Ethical Considerations
Voice cloning has emerged as a transformative application of deep neural networks, enabling the generation of synthetic voices that closely resemble human speech. This paper provides a comprehensive review of voice cloning technologies, emphasizing the evolution from traditional text-to-speech (TTS) systems to modern deep learning-based models such as Tacotron, WaveNet, and VALL-E. We explore the architecture and components of TTS pipelines, including speaker encoders, synthesizers, and neural vocoders; and distinguish between single-speaker and multi-speaker voice cloning approaches. Real-world applications in telecommunications, education, accessibility, and entertainment are discussed, alongside critical ethical challenges such as privacy violations, misinformation, and emotional manipulation. The paper concludes with an overview of current technical limitations and future directions, including federated learning, transformer-based vocoders, and diffusion models, aimed at enhancing quality, efficiency, and ethical integrity in synthetic speech generation
Synergistic Protective Effect of Silybum Marianum Extract and Vitamin C Combination on Paracetamol-induced Hepatotoxicity in Rabbits
Objectives: Drug-induced hepatotoxicity, particularly resulting from paracetamol overdose, is a major cause of acute liver injury. Silybum Marianum plant has a well-known hepatoprotective effect due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Vitamin C has very strong antioxidant properties. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Silybum Marianum extract and vitamin C combination on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rabbits. Materials and Methods: 16 male rabbits were divided into 4 groups (n = 4 each): (1) Control group (CTRL), (2) diseased group (PARA), (3) first treatment group (SLM), and (4) second treatment group (combination) (SLM+VITC). Hepatotoxicity was assessed by measuring serum ALT and AST levels and liver histopathology. Results: Paracetamol caused significant increase in ALT and AST compared to control group (p<0.05). Treatment with the extract alone improved the histological picture and decreased liver enzymes, while the combination treatment showed a greater decrease in enzymes levels. Conclusion: The proposed combination treatment provided greater hepatoprotection compared to the extract alone, with a greater decrease in liver enzymes, indicating a synergetic effect
The search for new sustainable building materials is a major focus in civil engineering. Recent research trends include numerous attempts to add glass powder to concrete mixes, but the results of these studies have varied, necessitating further investigation. This research aims to develop a new methodology for studying the effect of glass powder on mortar properties, specifically its strength and workability. The study focuses on the impact of partially replacing cement with ground glass powder on concrete's compressive and flexural strength. Several mixes, with varying percentages of glass powder (5%, 10%, 20%, and 30%), were prepared and compared to a reference sample without glass. Tests were conducted at 7 and 28 days. The results showed a decrease in compressive strength at the 5% and 10% replacement levels due to a reduction in the amount of active cement and the absorption of some mixing water by the glass, which weakened the hydration reactions. At 20%, the strength improved slightly due to the onset of the pozzolanic reaction, but the values remained lower than those of the reference sample. Similarly, flexural strength initially decreased at 5% and then gradually increased at 10% and 20% due to improved internal distribution and the emergence of the pozzolanic reaction of the glass with hydration products.
Molecular modeling study of the inhibition effect of a group of Alkaloids on AchE enzyme to treat Alzheimer’s disease
Objective: Procedure a molecular modeling study on a group of Alkaloids that have an inhibition effect on AchE enzyme in the brain of Alzheimer’ s patient. Materials and Methods: molecular modeling was done by iGemdock software using the standard and accurate docking. It required downloading the structure of the target enzyme AchE which found in the brain of Alzheimer patient from the Protein Data Bank and then the chemical compound formuls for 101 alkaloids compound were collected from the Pubchem. The formulas were drawn with the Chemdraw program, and the docking process was completed between the target enzyme AchE and the studied compounds.In addition, applied Lapinski and Weber’s rules to the group of studied compounds in order to predict the bioavailability of these compounds. Data for these two rules were collected from the pubchem website. Results: the results showed that 20 compounds achieved binding energy higher than the standard compound Huperzine A. These results indicate that it can be suggested as AchE inhibitors in treatment plans for Alzheimer’s patient
The Effect of Using an Impermeable Blanket on the Uplift pressure Under Concrete Dams
In this research paper, we have studied the effect of using an impermeable blanket and compare it with the usage of cutoffs on the uplift pressure under concrete dams. This comparison has been conducted numerically, by using the element method, with the help of the Groundwater Modeling System software program. The length of the impermeable blanket has been modified according to length of the dam base, for different values of length of cutoffs. It has been found that the existence an impermeable blanket with two cutoffs doesn't lead to decreasing the uplift pressure force in comparison with the state of the non-existence of an impermeable blanket. Also, it has been concluded that using an impermeable blanket with one single cutoff at the beginning of the dam leads to decreasing the uplift pressure force by 17% in comparison with the state of the non-existence of the an impermeable blanket, if the length of blanket is larger than the depth of the front cutoff.
Effects of Exam Stress on Body Mass Index in medical students of Al-Wataniya Private University
Stress refers to the body's response to overwhelming pressures that exceed one's capacity to manage various demands. Stress leads to several physiological disorders; therefore, this study investigates the effect of exam stress on plasma levels of Cortisol and Body Mass Index (BMI), among 40 medical students at Al-Wataniya Private University. These parameters were assessed 11 weeks prior to the final exams (Pre-exams) and on the day of exams (during exams). Cortisol was increased significantly during-exams compared to pre-exams period, which could potentially increase the risk of metabolic diseases. While BMI distribution was close in both periods, suggesting stress-BMI relationship may depend on individual stress coping mechanisms, and lifestyle of student
APPROXIMATION OF PERIODIC FUNCTIONS BY FEJER SUM AND DE LA VALLEE POUSSIN SUMS
In this paper, we establish several results concerning the approximation of periodic functions by Fejér and de la Vallée Poussin means in Lebesgue spaces L_2π^p.The obtained estimates are expressed in terms of function for L_2 and the second-order modulus of continuity. The approximation of periodic functions by trigonometric polynomials plays a central role in Fourier analysis. Among the classical summation methods, Fejér sums and de la Vallée-Poussin sums provide powerful tools for improving the convergence behavior of Fourier series. In this work, we investigate the approximation of -periodic functions in spaces L_2by these two summation methods. Special attention is given to the relationship between the smoothness of the function, measured via the second-order modulus of continuity, and the rate of approximation. Our results contribute to a clearer understanding of how summability methods refine Fourier approximation and provide effective tools for both theoretical and applied analysis
Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
A Comparative Study of the Nephroprotective Effects of Vildagliptin and Sitagliptin against Gentamicin-induced Nephrotoxicity in Rabbits
Objectives: This study aimed to compare the nephroprotective effects of sitagliptin and vildagliptin on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits. Materials and Methods: We divided 12 rabbits into four groups (3 per group): 1- Control group (saline only), 2- Diseased group (gentamicin only), 3- Treatment group I (sitagliptin + gentamicin), and 4- Treatment group II (vildagliptin + gentamicin). Serum creatinine was measured, and histopathological study was conducted. Results: Gentamicin significantly elevated serum creatinine and induced inflammation and edema in renal cells. While both sitagliptin and vildagliptin mitigated nephrotoxicity, vildagliptin demonstrated better results, with significantly lower creatinine levels (p=0.000) and better renal histological improvement. Conclusions: Vildagliptin exhibits stronger nephroprotective effects than sitagliptin against gentamicin-induced renal injury, likely due to its stronger anti-inflammatory properties. These results suggest that vildagliptin is preferable for patients at high risk of drug-induced nephrotoxicity, particularly those with diabetes.
A Statistical Study on the Prevalence and Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia in the Syrian Community
Fibromyalgia syndrome is a musculoskeletal disorder that causes chronic pain, muscle spasms, and discomfort in the connective tissues. The pain is often widespread and is accompanied by severe fatigue, sleep disturbances, memory issues, and mood fluctuations. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and diagnosis of fibromyalgia in the Syrian community through a statistical analysis involving 452 participants of various ages and genders, using diagnostic tools approved by the American College of Rheumatology. The results showed a fibromyalgia prevalence rate of 17.5%, with a higher rate among women (19.0%) compared to men (14.2%), though this difference was not statistically significant. Symptom severity increased with age, with those over 50 years old reporting the highest pain levels. There was a strong correlation between the Widespread Pain Index (WPI) and Symptom Severity Score (SSS), indicating that higher pain levels were associated with more severe accompanying symptoms. Additionally, non-working individuals were more likely to be affected than those employed, suggesting a role for social factors and physical activity in disease risk. These findings highlight the need to raise public and medical awareness about fibromyalgia and to develop comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic strategies that address psychological and social aspects alongside medical management, with an emphasis on physical activity and psychological support to improve patients’ quality of life.
The impact of applying the food safety compliance standard (ISO 22000) in achieving competitive advantage “A case study of Alo Chicken Restaurant in Hama Governorate”
The fierce competition in the markets in our current era is no longer hidden from anyone. As organizations always seek to distinguish themselves and be unique from their competitors, so today we see a race between organizations, the service patterns of which constitute the largest part, including restaurants, which are considered one of the types of these organizations seeking excellence in this field, and a number of them are convinced of the importance of applying the philosophy and approach of total quality management in their daily operations, and one of the important standards in the field of restaurants is the standard of compliance to food safety ISO 22000. Therefore, this study aimed to study the relationship between the application of the standard of commitment to food safety and competitive advantage in its dimensions (cost, quality) within the (Allo Chicken) restaurant in Hama Governorate, and the study community consisted of managers, accountants and employees of administrative levels, and the researcher relied on determining the sample size on the comprehensive enumeration method due to the small size of the community, as the number of questionnaires reached (30). The researcher concluded that there is a strong positive moral correlation between the application of the standard of compliance to food safety and each of the competitive advantage, cost and quality.
Bioequivalence study on Some Commercially Available Paracetamol Tablets with the innovator product: In vitro dissolution study
Dissolution testing is a crucial in vitro technique in the formulation and development of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Tablets, a common dosage form, consist of a mixture of active ingredient(s), usually in powder form, with or without excipients. Acetaminophen is one of the most widely used drugs in the world. Numerous brands of acetaminophen are available commercially which are widely considered bioequivalent. The aim of the current study was to conduct a dissolution test on various products of acetaminophen tablets to assess their bioequivalence. Five different generic formulations of 500 mg paracetamol tablets from different manufacturers were selected and tested for dissolution in a 5.8 pH phosphate buffer for 30 minutes. Results were compared to those obtained from the reference product using a USP Type II dissolution testing apparatus. The dissolution testing revealed that products A, B, C, D, and E have dissolution rates of 96%, 103%, 114%, 111% and 94%, respectively, in comparison to the brand Panadol, which dissolved at 99% within 30 minutes. All tested tablets were within the pharmacopoeia criteria
Application of Net Present Value as an Alternative to Accounting Measurement on Predicting the Probability of Bank Loans Default (A Case Study)
This research aims to apply net present value as an alternative to accounting measurement on predicting the probability of bank loans default, to achieve this aim, the researcher the researcher carried out a practical application on a medium-term loan contract presented by a Syrian private commercial bank to a Syrian private industrial company in the textile industry in Aleppo, and this contract is a loan contract to purchase a machine in installments against equal monthly payments. The following results were reached: 1- The net present value alternative is the most consistent alternative with the study of companies' ability to pay their future obligations, especially bank loans. 2- There is an effect of applying an alternative net present value to measure future cash flows on predicting the probability of default in repaying bank loans granted to companies
Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Response of two winter soft wheat varieties to moisture deficiency under several levels of nitrogen fertilization
The research was conducted in the Natural Resources Research Department/Homs Research Center, for three consecutive seasons 2015/2016, 2016/2017, 2017/2018, with the aim of knowing the response of two soft wheat cultivars to several levels of supplementary irrigation and several levels of nitrogen fertilizer. Two soft wheat cultivars (Bohouth10 and Douma6) were planted in a split-split-plot design experiment, with three irrigation treatments (100%, 66%, 33%) of the water requirement with a control without irrigation (rainfed), and five nitrogen fertilization treatments (N0: fertilizer recommendation, N1, N2: 25% and 50% higher than fertilizer recommendation respectively, N3, N4: 25% and 50% lower than fertilizer recommendation respectively), with three replicates for each treatment. The results showed that the 100% irrigation treatment was superior in terms of water requirement with a grain yield of 5.67 tons/ha over the other treatments, while the differences were apparent between the varieties, with a grain yield of 4.18 and 4.13 tons/ha for the Douma6 and Bohouth10 varieties, respectively. As for the differences between the fertilizer treatments, they were apparent with a grain yield of (4.14, 4.22, 4.29, 4.14, 3.99) tons/ha for the N0, N1, N2, N3, and N4 fertilizer treatments, respectively.
Evaluation of helium ions energy loss within material of vacuum chamber inner walls of the AECS-PF1 device
In this research, helium ions energy loss emitted by AECS-PF1 dense plasma focus device was evaluated through their collision with electrodes and inner walls of vacuum chamber. First, plasma focus parameters and ion beams characteristics when the pressure of helium gas changes were determined using Lee's code. The ions energy loss was found in tungsten, stainless steel and copper. The results showed a high energy loss in tungsten compared to stainless steel and copper due to the high number of electrons, as the ions lose most of their energy through elastic collision with the electron cloud, thus causing cracks and bulges in the surface layer of Tungsten is larger than stainless steel and copper
The future and recent trends in hospital wards design
Hospital design trends in general and residential wards in particular have evolved over time to reflect profound changes in healthcare, whether through advanced medical technology, changes in hospital facilities and functions, or new design concepts.This paper explores contemporary trends in hospital wards design by comparing old design methods that are still used today by engineers, teachers and decision makers in hospital construction and new transformations that reflect the changes taking place and moving towards creating environments that support health and well-being and integrate innovative technologies and sustainable practices in hospital design. It also sheds light on the reality of hospital wards in local and international hospitals to keep pace with the development in the design of this section, noting that the modern trend in hospital design relies on design based on experience and evidence to achieve a better quality of service for patients, and the main quest of engineers of this era is to reach a future hospital that integrates the truth of science, the quality of humanity and the beauty of art.
Environmental Costs and the Importance of Environmental Impact Assessments for Projects
Economic and social development entails significant costs that negatively impact the environment, leading to environmental issues manifested in pollution, degradation of quality, and imbalance. These environmental changes have resulted from neglecting environmental considerations in the pursuit of prosperity and increased production. The following facts demonstrate the impact of productive and consumptive activities on natural resources, resulting in their depletion and an increase in waste that needs to be disposed of, causing substantial costs. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt a concept of progress that takes environmental considerations into account and relies on environmentally friendly technology. The costs of economic development include costs related to environmental losses and damages, costs of preventing environmental depletion, and costs of planning for environmental protection. These costs are considered external because they do not appear in the accounts of enterprises or the macroeconomy, even though they lead to significant losses. Recently, countries worldwide are striving to restructure their economies to include environmental issues among their priorities, recognizing that environmental problems may undermine the development process. Thus, it is essential to achieve a balance between development and environmental considerations to ensure resource sustainability and improve quality of life.
The Impact of De Marketing on the Consumer's Purchasing Decision "A field study on consumers of single-use plastic bags in the markets of Hama Governorate"
The research aimed to determine the impact of de marketing with its mix elements (de product, de promotion, de distribution, de pricing) on the purchasing decision of consumers of single-use plastic bags in Hama Governorate. The researcher used the descriptive approach and distributed 500 copies of questionnaires to a facilitated sample of plastic bag consumers in Hama Governorate. The researcher analyzed the data using the statistical analysis program (SPSS 28) . The researcher concluded that there is a statistically significant impact of all elements of the de marketing mix on the purchasing decision of consumers of single-use plastic bags in Hama Governorate. The research presented a set of recommendations, the most important of which are: Ensuring the use of De marketing to reduce the use of plastic bags within an integrated social, cultural and economic strategy.
The impact of financial technology services on the profitability of banks By application to commercial banks listed on the Damascus Stock Exchange
The research aims to study the impact of financial technology services on the profitability of commercial banks listed on the Damascus Stock Exchange, measured by return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE), by applying it to the eleven commercial banks during the period 2014-2023 with 110 observations. The study sample is measured By return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) This is based on data published in the financial lists and reports of banks listed on the Damascus Stock Exchange using cross-sectional series data, Panel Data, using the ordinary least squares method through the E-Views10 program. The results of the study showed that banks are not ready to expand towards financial technology companies, as there is no effect for the value of assets. Technology is represented by the ratio of (credit cards to total facilities), and (computer programs to total bank assets) On the profitability of banks represented by the return on assets and the insignificance of the model with respect to the return on equity
Development and Evaluation of Proposed Pharmaceutical Formulations of Modified-Release Granules of Celecoxib for Use It in Preparation of Extended-Release Tablets
Objective: Procedure a technological study for proposed pharmaceutical formulations for preparing prolonged release granules of celecoxib for reducing of chronic pain for use it in preparation other pharmaceutical dosage forms. Materials and Methods: The research experiments were conducted by using materials and calibrated accurately devices according to the requirements of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). The technological properties of prepared pharmaceutical dosage forms as granules and tablets were determined by doing pharmacopoeial tests according to the requirements of the United States Pharmacopoeia USP 43 NF 38. Cellulose polymers as an auxiliary excipient, were selected to control the release of celecoxib. Six formulations of celecoxib granules were proposed and their technological properties and release rate were determined by dissolution test in Vitro. Their suitability for obtaining tablets with extended release as a final pharmaceutical dosage form was also determined. Results: The results showed that 3 of the proposed formulations give promising results for manufacturing a prolonged-acting pharmaceutical dosage form of celecoxib for prolonged pain relief up to 20 hours, and clinical tests can be continued on these formulations. Conclusion: This current study shed light on the possibility of preparing extended release tablets of celecoxib used as a newer generation selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory for the treatment of chronic pain. These prepared pharmaceutical dosage forms are expected to reduce the severity of side effects with improving patient adherence to the treatment plan, also reducing the frequency of administration compared to conventional pharmaceutical forms, and reducing treatment costs.
The effect of the regular distribution of stiffness of vertical elements on the structure’s resistance to earthquakes From the effects of the earthquake February 6, 2023
The earthquake that struck southern Turkey and northern Syria, 06.02.2023, surprised the residents in the earthquake-affected areas, which extend from central Turkey to central Syria. The earthquake has hit three shakes, the first was at 04.19 am on Monday 06.02.2023 in the Turkish province of Gaziantep. Its intensity was 7.8 according to the Richter scale. and the second at 01.25 pm on Monday 06.02.2023 in the Turkish province of Kahramanmaraş, its intensity was 7.5 according to the Richter scale. And the third at 08.25 pm on Monday, 20.02.2023 in the Turkish province of Hatay, its intensity was 6.8 according to the Richter scale. The researcher contributed to all measures to confront its effects in the governorates of Hama and Lattakia - Syria. The researcher presents a summary of his experience as an expert engineer in structural engineering and the design of facilities to resist earthquakes, and as a consultant engineer in the strengthening of structural constructions, and a summary of his experience in the past days in dealing with the effects of earthquakes. The researcher also presents scientific research on Some structures affected by the earthquake, explains the weaknesses in the structure that led to the damage, describes damage, and offers suggestions for maintenance method. The cases it provides are: 1. The irregular distribution of the vertical elements, which makes the structural whole structurally asymmetrical even though the building is architecturally symmetrical, which leads to horizontal torsion. 2. The beam with greater stiffness compared to the stiffness of the column to which it is based. 3. The vertical elements are unable to bear the horizontal loads. 4. The vertical elements are unable to bear the vertical loads. Finally, the researcher presents some recommendations to avoid damage to buildings under the influence of similar earthquakes. Which may occur in the future.
Analysis of compensation functions for public spending shocks and their impact on economic growth in Syria during the period (1990-2020) using the autoregressive (VAR)
The research aims to study the impact of shocks to current and investment public spending on economic growth in Syria during the period (1990-2020), where data related to time series were obtained based on figures issued by both the Ministry of Finance and the Syrian Statistical Group. The study followed the descriptive approach using the autoregressive model (VAR) using the Eviews10 program. The study used unit root tests and relied on dynamic analysis by analyzing the variance components and the immediate response function. The results of the unit root tests revealed that all variables are stable at the first difference. As for the results of the shock analysis, they indicated that a shock to current public spending by one standard deviation has a negative impact on economic growth in the short term and a positive impact in the medium and long term, but it is a weak impact, while a shock to investment spending by one standard deviation has a negative impact on economic growth in the medium and long term. The study recommended increasing the flexibility of the productive apparatus in the economy to respond positively to any increase in public investment spending.
Evaluation the tumor marker (CA125,CA19-9) in detecting ovarian cancer
Ovarian cancer is a medical condition that is characterized by abnormal growth of cells in one or both ovaries. There are many biomarkers to detect it,monitor its stages, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment,including tumor markers(CA125,CA19-9).These biomarkers are considered sensitive and specific to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment and the stage of the disease. We collected information on 27 samples of women with ovarian cancer in Hama and Homs governorates on1/2/2024and1/6/2024.The information wasdivided according to age,stage,CA125andCA19-9values.The tumor was placed and the data was analyzed to evaluate these predictive factors during the various stages of the disease using the statistical package for the social science program. It was showed that age is not a predictive factor in determining the stage of the disease but the indicator CA125 was an influential factor in determining the stage while the indicator CA19-9was not significant influential factor. Age was an influential factor at the CA125 and CA19-9 levels
Impact of Exam Stress on Blood Levels of: Cortisol,Glucose and Cholesterol in Pharmacy Students
Stress is a sum of physical, mental and emotional tensions on a person. Examination is a stress factor for students, that may bring about blood parameters changes. Thus, this study investigates the change in Cortisol, Glucose and Cholesterol levels in blood under the effect of examination. A blood sample was used to measure the levels of glucose, cholesterol and cortisol among 30 pharmacy students at Al-Wataniya Private University. The study was conducted 2 weeks prior to the exams (pre-exam) and during exams. Glucose, cortisol, and cholesterol were increased significantly (P<0.05) during-exam in comparison with pre-exam period for all students and both sexes. Cortisol level increased significantly among femalesduring exams compared to pre-exam while the increase was non-significant among males, which indicates that males react to stress in a more controlled manner than females.These findings suggest that the stress that the students are exposed to leads to blood parameters changes which predispose students to metabolic diseases.Stress is a sum of physical, mental and emotional tensions on a person. Examination is a stress factor for students, that may bring about blood parameters changes. Thus, this study investigates the change in Cortisol, Glucose and Cholesterol levels in blood under the effect of examination. A blood sample was used to measure the levels of glucose, cholesterol and cortisol among 30 pharmacy students at Al-Wataniya Private University. The study was conducted 2 weeks prior to the exams (pre-exam) and during exams. Glucose, cortisol, and cholesterol were increased significantly (P<0.05) during-exam in comparison with pre-exam period for all students and both sexes. Cortisol level increased significantly among femalesduring exams compared to pre-exam while the increase was non-significant among males, which indicates that males react to stress in a more controlled manner than females.These findings suggest that the stress that the students are exposed to leads to blood parameters changes which predispose students to metabolic diseases.
Molecular modeling study of the effect of a group of compounds extracted from some essential oils on the KAS I enzyme in tuberculosis bacteria
Objective: Procedure a molecular modeling study on a group of compounds extracted from aromatic oils in order to discover natural compounds that are anti-Tuberculosis bacilli.Materials and Methods: Molecular modeling was done by iGemdock software using Standard Docking. It required downloading the structure of the target enzyme KAS I from the Protein Data Bank website, and then the chemical compound formulas for 89 compounds extracted from essential oils were collected from the pubchem website. The formulas were drawn with the chemdraw program, and then the docking process was completed between the target enzyme KAS I and the studied compounds. In addition, the Applying Lepinski and Weber's rules to the group of studied compounds in order to predict the bioavailability of these compounds. Data for these two rules were collected from the Pubchem website..Results: The results showed that 19 compounds achieved a higher binding energy than the standard compound. These results indicate that it is possible to formulate these compounds as anti-Tuberculosis drugs.Conclusion: This theoretical study shed light on some natural compounds, including Apiginin, Stearic acid, Oleic Acid, and Arachidic Acid found in some essential oils, which had high binding energies compared to the standard ones, as their energy reached -78.1 KJ/mol and reached the binding energies of the compounds are respectively (-104.81,-90.23, -89.62, -89.38) and therefore they can beconsidered as new substrates in targeting bacilli and reducing their high resistance to the antibiotics used.