Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University
type: channel
description: Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University is a peer-reviewed, research journal that publishes original research papers across various scientific fields. The journal aims to provide a platform for researchers to disseminate their findings to scholars in all areas of research, thereby promoting innovation and knowledge exchange. It follows a rigorous peer-review process to ensure the quality and validity of the published studies, making it a valuable resource for academics, scientists, and researchers within the scientific community. Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University (JWPU) is committed to an Open Access policy, whereby all published research is freely available to everyone through the journal’s website immediately upon publication. Readers are permitted to view, download, and cite the full texts of articles without restriction, provided that proper attribution to the source is given. Through this policy, the journal aims to enhance the dissemination of scientific knowledge, increase opportunities for knowledge exchange, and support the Open Access movement, which strengthens the impact of scientific research at both the local and global levels. Publisher: Al-Wataniya Private University Editor-in-Chief: Prof. Ahed Khezam Publication Languages: Arabic and English Publication Frequency: Biannual (two issues per year) Publication Fees: Fully free of charge. The journal does not charge any fees for submission, review, or publication. Average Time of the First Review Round: 4–6 weeks
publisher: الجامعة الوطنية الخاصة
language: en
publication name: Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University
issn: 3105-2150
items: APPROXIMATION OF PERIODIC FUNCTIONS BY FEJER SUM AND DE LA VALLEE POUSSIN SUMS
items: A Comparative Study of the Nephroprotective Effects of Vildagliptin and Sitagliptin against Gentamicin-induced Nephrotoxicity in Rabbits
items: A Statistical Study on the Prevalence and Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia in the Syrian Community
items: The impact of applying the food safety compliance standard (ISO 22000) in achieving competitive advantage “A case study of Alo Chicken Restaurant in Hama Governorate”
items: Bioequivalence study on Some Commercially Available Paracetamol Tablets with the innovator product: In vitro dissolution study
items: Application of Net Present Value as an Alternative to Accounting Measurement on Predicting the Probability of Bank Loans Default (A Case Study)
items: Response of two winter soft wheat varieties to moisture deficiency under several levels of nitrogen fertilization
items: Evaluation of helium ions energy loss within material of vacuum chamber inner walls of the AECS-PF1 device
items: The future and recent trends in hospital wards design
items: Environmental Costs and the Importance of Environmental Impact Assessments for Projects
items: The Impact of De Marketing on the Consumer's Purchasing Decision "A field study on consumers of single-use plastic bags in the markets of Hama Governorate"
items: The impact of financial technology services on the profitability of banks By application to commercial banks listed on the Damascus Stock Exchange
items: Development and Evaluation of Proposed Pharmaceutical Formulations of Modified-Release Granules of Celecoxib for Use It in Preparation of Extended-Release Tablets
items: The effect of the regular distribution of stiffness of vertical elements on the structure’s resistance to earthquakes From the effects of the earthquake February 6, 2023
items: Analysis of compensation functions for public spending shocks and their impact on economic growth in Syria during the period (1990-2020) using the autoregressive (VAR)
items: Evaluation the tumor marker (CA125,CA19-9) in detecting ovarian cancer
items: Impact of Exam Stress on Blood Levels of: Cortisol,Glucose and Cholesterol in Pharmacy Students
items: Molecular modeling study of the effect of a group of compounds extracted from some essential oils on the KAS I enzyme in tuberculosis bacteria
items: Comparison of Compressive strength between three types of crown-root restorative techniques in primary anterior teeth
items: The impact of inflation and interest rates in the capital structure of private commercial banks listed on Damascusstock Exchange
items: Using Downside Risk Management Approach inDetermining Investment Strategies(An applied Study in Damascus Stock Exchange)
items: Studying The Intersection Of Rotational Cylinders Analytically And Graphically To Obtain The Unfolding Of The Intersection Curve
items: Radiography of the Biological samples by X-rays emitted from plasma focus
items: The role of strategic flexibility in improving performance "A field study at the Al-wataniya Private University (WPU)"
items: DETERMINION of DICLOFENAC SODIUM IN TABLETS FORMULATIONS by DEREVATIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
items: Studying the effect of some compounds found in some essential oils on the penicillin-binding protein in Staphylococcus aureus, using molecular docking
items: An analytical study of the reality of e-managementapplication at Al-Wataniya Private University: a proposed framework for designing a mobile app
items: Designing an Efficient Deduplication Algorithm for Audio Files in Cloud Storage
items: Possibility of Using Dense Plasma Focus Devices to Produce Short-Lived Radioisotopes Used in PET—Numerical Study
items: New developingand Validation method to Determine Lidocaine Hydrochloride in Raw Material and Injection Forms by Using RP-HPLC

APPROXIMATION OF PERIODIC FUNCTIONS BY FEJER SUM AND DE LA VALLEE POUSSIN SUMS
type: item
description: In this paper, we establish several results concerning the approximation of periodic functions by Fejér and de la Vallée Poussin means in Lebesgue spaces L_2π^p.The obtained estimates are expressed in terms of function for L_2 and the second-order modulus of continuity. The approximation of periodic functions by trigonometric polynomials plays a central role in Fourier analysis. Among the classical summation methods, Fejér sums and de la Vallée-Poussin sums provide powerful tools for improving the convergence behavior of Fourier series. In this work, we investigate the approximation of -periodic functions in spaces L_2by these two summation methods. Special attention is given to the relationship between the smoothness of the function, measured via the second-order modulus of continuity, and the rate of approximation. Our results contribute to a clearer understanding of how summability methods refine Fourier approximation and provide effective tools for both theoretical and applied analysis
subject: Articles - Volume 1 Number 3
  topic: section
subject: Mathematics
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creator: Mikhael Shahoud
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-15
publication date: 2024-12-15
starting page: 173
ending page: 183
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19883910

A Comparative Study of the Nephroprotective Effects of Vildagliptin and Sitagliptin against Gentamicin-induced Nephrotoxicity in Rabbits
type: item
description: Objectives: This study aimed to compare the nephroprotective effects of sitagliptin and vildagliptin on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits. Materials and Methods: We divided 12 rabbits into four groups (3 per group): 1- Control group (saline only), 2- Diseased group (gentamicin only), 3- Treatment group I (sitagliptin + gentamicin), and 4- Treatment group II (vildagliptin + gentamicin). Serum creatinine was measured, and histopathological study was conducted. Results: Gentamicin significantly elevated serum creatinine and induced inflammation and edema in renal cells. While both sitagliptin and vildagliptin mitigated nephrotoxicity, vildagliptin demonstrated better results, with significantly lower creatinine levels (p=0.000) and better renal histological improvement. Conclusions: Vildagliptin exhibits stronger nephroprotective effects than sitagliptin against gentamicin-induced renal injury, likely due to its stronger anti-inflammatory properties. These results suggest that vildagliptin is preferable for patients at high risk of drug-induced nephrotoxicity, particularly those with diabetes.
subject: Articles - Volume 1 Number 3
  topic: section
subject: pharmacy
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subject: Array
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creator: Alyasaa Rastanawi
creator: Khaled Krej
creator: Nibal Samsam
creator: Malek Kanjo
creator: Muhammed Al-shaqaqi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-15
publication date: 2024-12-15
starting page: 161
ending page: 172
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19864438

A Statistical Study on the Prevalence and Diagnosis of Fibromyalgia in the Syrian Community
type: item
description: Fibromyalgia syndrome is a musculoskeletal disorder that causes chronic pain, muscle spasms, and discomfort in the connective tissues. The pain is often widespread and is accompanied by severe fatigue, sleep disturbances, memory issues, and mood fluctuations. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and diagnosis of fibromyalgia in the Syrian community through a statistical analysis involving 452 participants of various ages and genders, using diagnostic tools approved by the American College of Rheumatology. The results showed a fibromyalgia prevalence rate of 17.5%, with a higher rate among women (19.0%) compared to men (14.2%), though this difference was not statistically significant. Symptom severity increased with age, with those over 50 years old reporting the highest pain levels. There was a strong correlation between the Widespread Pain Index (WPI) and Symptom Severity Score (SSS), indicating that higher pain levels were associated with more severe accompanying symptoms. Additionally, non-working individuals were more likely to be affected than those employed, suggesting a role for social factors and physical activity in disease risk. These findings highlight the need to raise public and medical awareness about fibromyalgia and to develop comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic strategies that address psychological and social aspects alongside medical management, with an emphasis on physical activity and psychological support to improve patients’ quality of life.
subject: Articles - Volume 1 Number 3
  topic: section
subject: pharmacy
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creator: Marwan Khattab
creator: Muhamad Kaf Alghazal
creator: Shaden Hazzouri
creator: Leen Shekfah
creator: Najah Kamar aldin
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-15
publication date: 2024-12-15
starting page: 149
ending page: 160
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19851706

The impact of applying the food safety compliance standard (ISO 22000) in achieving competitive advantage “A case study of Alo Chicken Restaurant in Hama Governorate”
type: item
description: The fierce competition in the markets in our current era is no longer hidden from anyone. As organizations always seek to distinguish themselves and be unique from their competitors, so today we see a race between organizations, the service patterns of which constitute the largest part, including restaurants, which are considered one of the types of these organizations seeking excellence in this field, and a number of them are convinced of the importance of applying the philosophy and approach of total quality management in their daily operations, and one of the important standards in the field of restaurants is the standard of compliance to food safety ISO 22000. Therefore, this study aimed to study the relationship between the application of the standard of commitment to food safety and competitive advantage in its dimensions (cost, quality) within the (Allo Chicken) restaurant in Hama Governorate, and the study community consisted of managers, accountants and employees of administrative levels, and the researcher relied on determining the sample size on the comprehensive enumeration method due to the small size of the community, as the number of questionnaires reached (30). The researcher concluded that there is a strong positive moral correlation between the application of the standard of compliance to food safety and each of the competitive advantage, cost and quality.
subject: Articles - Volume 1 Number 3
  topic: section
subject: Administrative and Financial Sciences
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subject: Array
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creator: Mohammad Nasser
creator: Ahmad Al Khalaf
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-15
publication date: 2024-12-15
starting page: 119
ending page: 148
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19693572

Bioequivalence study on Some Commercially Available Paracetamol Tablets with the innovator product: In vitro dissolution study
type: item
description: Dissolution testing is a crucial in vitro technique in the formulation and development of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Tablets, a common dosage form, consist of a mixture of active ingredient(s), usually in powder form, with or without excipients. Acetaminophen is one of the most widely used drugs in the world. Numerous brands of acetaminophen are available commercially which are widely considered bioequivalent. The aim of the current study was to conduct a dissolution test on various products of acetaminophen tablets to assess their bioequivalence. Five different generic formulations of 500 mg paracetamol tablets from different manufacturers were selected and tested for dissolution in a 5.8 pH phosphate buffer for 30 minutes. Results were compared to those obtained from the reference product using a USP Type II dissolution testing apparatus. The dissolution testing revealed that products A, B, C, D, and E have dissolution rates of 96%, 103%, 114%, 111% and 94%, respectively, in comparison to the brand Panadol, which dissolved at 99% within 30 minutes. All tested tablets were within the pharmacopoeia criteria
subject: Articles - Volume 2 Number 1
  topic: section
subject: pharmacy
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subject: Array
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creator: Shuaib Alahmad
creator: Sarah Dahieh
creator: Zaynab Ali
creator: Ahmad Atiya
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-06-17
publication date: 2024-06-17
starting page: 162
ending page: 169
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19436871

Application of Net Present Value as an Alternative to Accounting Measurement on Predicting the Probability of Bank Loans Default (A Case Study)
type: item
description: This research aims to apply net present value as an alternative to accounting measurement on predicting the probability of bank loans default, to achieve this aim, the researcher the researcher carried out a practical application on a medium-term loan contract presented by a Syrian private commercial bank to a Syrian private industrial company in the textile industry in Aleppo, and this contract is a loan contract to purchase a machine in installments against equal monthly payments. The following results were reached: 1- The net present value alternative is the most consistent alternative with the study of companies' ability to pay their future obligations, especially bank loans. 2- There is an effect of applying an alternative net present value to measure future cash flows on predicting the probability of default in repaying bank loans granted to companies
subject: Articles – Volume 1 Number 1
  topic: section
subject: Administrative and Financial Sciences
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subject: Array
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creator: Yousef Al Abdullah Al Ahmad
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-12-03
publication date: 2023-12-03
starting page: 195
ending page: 213
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19348016

Response of two winter soft wheat varieties to moisture deficiency under several levels of nitrogen fertilization
type: item
description: The research was conducted in the Natural Resources Research Department/Homs Research Center, for three consecutive seasons 2015/2016, 2016/2017, 2017/2018, with the aim of knowing the response of two soft wheat cultivars to several levels of supplementary irrigation and several levels of nitrogen fertilizer. Two soft wheat cultivars (Bohouth10 and Douma6) were planted in a split-split-plot design experiment, with three irrigation treatments (100%, 66%, 33%) of the water requirement with a control without irrigation (rainfed), and five nitrogen fertilization treatments (N0: fertilizer recommendation, N1, N2: 25% and 50% higher than fertilizer recommendation respectively, N3, N4: 25% and 50% lower than fertilizer recommendation respectively), with three replicates for each treatment. The results showed that the 100% irrigation treatment was superior in terms of water requirement with a grain yield of 5.67 tons/ha over the other treatments, while the differences were apparent between the varieties, with a grain yield of 4.18 and 4.13 tons/ha for the Douma6 and Bohouth10 varieties, respectively. As for the differences between the fertilizer treatments, they were apparent with a grain yield of (4.14, 4.22, 4.29, 4.14, 3.99) tons/ha for the N0, N1, N2, N3, and N4 fertilizer treatments, respectively.
subject: Articles - Volume 1 Number 3
  topic: section
subject: Civil Engineering
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subject: Array
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creator: Boshra Khozam
creator: Ossama Mourra
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-15
publication date: 2024-12-15
starting page: 108
ending page: 118
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19644514

Evaluation of helium ions energy loss within material of vacuum chamber inner walls of the AECS-PF1 device
type: item
description: In this research, helium ions energy loss emitted by AECS-PF1 dense plasma focus device was evaluated through their collision with electrodes and inner walls of vacuum chamber. First, plasma focus parameters and ion beams characteristics when the pressure of helium gas changes were determined using Lee's code. The ions energy loss was found in tungsten, stainless steel and copper. The results showed a high energy loss in tungsten compared to stainless steel and copper due to the high number of electrons, as the ions lose most of their energy through elastic collision with the electron cloud, thus causing cracks and bulges in the surface layer of Tungsten is larger than stainless steel and copper
subject: Articles - Volume 1 Number 3
  topic: section
subject: Physics
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subject: Array
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subject: Array
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creator: Walid Sahyouni
creator: Alaa Nassif
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-15
publication date: 2024-12-15
starting page: 99
ending page: 107
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19644194

The future and recent trends in hospital wards design
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description: Hospital design trends in general and residential wards in particular have evolved over time to reflect profound changes in healthcare, whether through advanced medical technology, changes in hospital facilities and functions, or new design concepts.This paper explores contemporary trends in hospital wards design by comparing old design methods that are still used today by engineers, teachers and decision makers in hospital construction and new transformations that reflect the changes taking place and moving towards creating environments that support health and well-being and integrate innovative technologies and sustainable practices in hospital design. It also sheds light on the reality of hospital wards in local and international hospitals to keep pace with the development in the design of this section, noting that the modern trend in hospital design relies on design based on experience and evidence to achieve a better quality of service for patients, and the main quest of engineers of this era is to reach a future hospital that integrates the truth of science, the quality of humanity and the beauty of art.
subject: Articles - Volume 1 Number 3
  topic: section
subject: Architecture and Urban Planning
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subject: Array
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subject: Array
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creator: Antwanet Michael
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-15
publication date: 2024-12-15
starting page: 78
ending page: 98
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19644008

Environmental Costs and the Importance of Environmental Impact Assessments for Projects
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description: Economic and social development entails significant costs that negatively impact the environment, leading to environmental issues manifested in pollution, degradation of quality, and imbalance. These environmental changes have resulted from neglecting environmental considerations in the pursuit of prosperity and increased production. The following facts demonstrate the impact of productive and consumptive activities on natural resources, resulting in their depletion and an increase in waste that needs to be disposed of, causing substantial costs. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt a concept of progress that takes environmental considerations into account and relies on environmentally friendly technology. The costs of economic development include costs related to environmental losses and damages, costs of preventing environmental depletion, and costs of planning for environmental protection. These costs are considered external because they do not appear in the accounts of enterprises or the macroeconomy, even though they lead to significant losses. Recently, countries worldwide are striving to restructure their economies to include environmental issues among their priorities, recognizing that environmental problems may undermine the development process. Thus, it is essential to achieve a balance between development and environmental considerations to ensure resource sustainability and improve quality of life.
subject: Articles - Volume 1 Number 3
  topic: section
subject: Architecture and Urban Planning
  topic: category
subject: Array
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subject: Array
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creator: Heba Al jaddou
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-15
publication date: 2024-12-15
starting page: 69
ending page: 77
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19643875

The Impact of De Marketing on the Consumer's Purchasing Decision "A field study on consumers of single-use plastic bags in the markets of Hama Governorate"
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description: The research aimed to determine the impact of de marketing with its mix elements (de product, de promotion, de distribution, de pricing) on the purchasing decision of consumers of single-use plastic bags in Hama Governorate. The researcher used the descriptive approach and distributed 500 copies of questionnaires to a facilitated sample of plastic bag consumers in Hama Governorate. The researcher analyzed the data using the statistical analysis program (SPSS 28) . The researcher concluded that there is a statistically significant impact of all elements of the de marketing mix on the purchasing decision of consumers of single-use plastic bags in Hama Governorate. The research presented a set of recommendations, the most important of which are: Ensuring the use of De marketing to reduce the use of plastic bags within an integrated social, cultural and economic strategy.
subject: Articles - Volume 1 Number 3
  topic: section
subject: Administrative and Financial Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Array
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creator: Sanaa Alshowa
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-15
publication date: 2024-12-15
starting page: 54
ending page: 68
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19643384

The impact of financial technology services on the profitability of banks By application to commercial banks listed on the Damascus Stock Exchange
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description: The research aims to study the impact of financial technology services on the profitability of commercial banks listed on the Damascus Stock Exchange, measured by return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE), by applying it to the eleven commercial banks during the period 2014-2023 with 110 observations. The study sample is measured By return on assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE) This is based on data published in the financial lists and reports of banks listed on the Damascus Stock Exchange using cross-sectional series data, Panel Data, using the ordinary least squares method through the E-Views10 program. The results of the study showed that banks are not ready to expand towards financial technology companies, as there is no effect for the value of assets. Technology is represented by the ratio of (credit cards to total facilities), and (computer programs to total bank assets) On the profitability of banks represented by the return on assets and the insignificance of the model with respect to the return on equity
subject: Articles - Volume 1 Number 3
  topic: section
subject: Administrative and Financial Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Array
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subject: Array
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creator: Reem Zoubari
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-15
publication date: 2024-12-15
starting page: 32
ending page: 53
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19643408

Development and Evaluation of Proposed Pharmaceutical Formulations of Modified-Release Granules of Celecoxib for Use It in Preparation of Extended-Release Tablets
type: item
description: Objective: Procedure a technological study for proposed pharmaceutical formulations for preparing prolonged release granules of celecoxib for reducing of chronic pain for use it in preparation other pharmaceutical dosage forms. Materials and Methods: The research experiments were conducted by using materials and calibrated accurately devices according to the requirements of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). The technological properties of prepared pharmaceutical dosage forms as granules and tablets were determined by doing pharmacopoeial tests according to the requirements of the United States Pharmacopoeia USP 43 NF 38. Cellulose polymers as an auxiliary excipient, were selected to control the release of celecoxib. Six formulations of celecoxib granules were proposed and their technological properties and release rate were determined by dissolution test in Vitro. Their suitability for obtaining tablets with extended release as a final pharmaceutical dosage form was also determined. Results: The results showed that 3 of the proposed formulations give promising results for manufacturing a prolonged-acting pharmaceutical dosage form of celecoxib for prolonged pain relief up to 20 hours, and clinical tests can be continued on these formulations. Conclusion: This current study shed light on the possibility of preparing extended release tablets of celecoxib used as a newer generation selective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory for the treatment of chronic pain. These prepared pharmaceutical dosage forms are expected to reduce the severity of side effects with improving patient adherence to the treatment plan, also reducing the frequency of administration compared to conventional pharmaceutical forms, and reducing treatment costs.
subject: Articles - Volume 1 Number 3
  topic: section
subject: pharmacy
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subject: Array
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subject: Array
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creator: Ahamed Alkhodri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-15
publication date: 2024-12-15
starting page: 18
ending page: 31
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19568052

The effect of the regular distribution of stiffness of vertical elements on the structure’s resistance to earthquakes From the effects of the earthquake February 6, 2023
type: item
description: The earthquake that struck southern Turkey and northern Syria, 06.02.2023, surprised the residents in the earthquake-affected areas, which extend from central Turkey to central Syria. The earthquake has hit three shakes, the first was at 04.19 am on Monday 06.02.2023 in the Turkish province of Gaziantep. Its intensity was 7.8 according to the Richter scale. and the second at 01.25 pm on Monday 06.02.2023 in the Turkish province of Kahramanmaraş, its intensity was 7.5 according to the Richter scale. And the third at 08.25 pm on Monday, 20.02.2023 in the Turkish province of Hatay, its intensity was 6.8 according to the Richter scale. The researcher contributed to all measures to confront its effects in the governorates of Hama and Lattakia - Syria. The researcher presents a summary of his experience as an expert engineer in structural engineering and the design of facilities to resist earthquakes, and as a consultant engineer in the strengthening of structural constructions, and a summary of his experience in the past days in dealing with the effects of earthquakes. The researcher also presents scientific research on Some structures affected by the earthquake, explains the weaknesses in the structure that led to the damage, describes damage, and offers suggestions for maintenance method. The cases it provides are: 1. The irregular distribution of the vertical elements, which makes the structural whole structurally asymmetrical even though the building is architecturally symmetrical, which leads to horizontal torsion. 2. The beam with greater stiffness compared to the stiffness of the column to which it is based. 3. The vertical elements are unable to bear the horizontal loads. 4. The vertical elements are unable to bear the vertical loads. Finally, the researcher presents some recommendations to avoid damage to buildings under the influence of similar earthquakes. Which may occur in the future.
subject: Articles - Volume 1 Number 3
  topic: section
subject: Civil Engineering
  topic: category
subject: Array
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creator: Ahmed Abboud
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-12-15
publication date: 2024-12-15
starting page: 1
ending page: 17
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19589409

Analysis of compensation functions for public spending shocks and their impact on economic growth in Syria during the period (1990-2020) using the autoregressive (VAR)
type: item
description: The research aims to study the impact of shocks to current and investment public spending on economic growth in Syria during the period (1990-2020), where data related to time series were obtained based on figures issued by both the Ministry of Finance and the Syrian Statistical Group. The study followed the descriptive approach using the autoregressive model (VAR) using the Eviews10 program. The study used unit root tests and relied on dynamic analysis by analyzing the variance components and the immediate response function. The results of the unit root tests revealed that all variables are stable at the first difference. As for the results of the shock analysis, they indicated that a shock to current public spending by one standard deviation has a negative impact on economic growth in the short term and a positive impact in the medium and long term, but it is a weak impact, while a shock to investment spending by one standard deviation has a negative impact on economic growth in the medium and long term. The study recommended increasing the flexibility of the productive apparatus in the economy to respond positively to any increase in public investment spending.
subject: Articles - Volume 2 Number 1
  topic: section
subject: Administrative and Financial Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Array
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subject: Array
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creator: Kamar Almille
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-06-17
publication date: 2024-06-17
starting page: 146
ending page: 161
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19436588

Evaluation the tumor marker (CA125,CA19-9) in detecting ovarian cancer
type: item
description: Ovarian cancer is a medical condition that is characterized by abnormal growth of cells in one or both ovaries. There are many biomarkers to detect it,monitor its stages, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment,including tumor markers(CA125,CA19-9).These biomarkers are considered sensitive and specific to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment and the stage of the disease. We collected information on 27 samples of women with ovarian cancer in Hama and Homs governorates on1/2/2024and1/6/2024.The information wasdivided according to age,stage,CA125andCA19-9values.The tumor was placed and the data was analyzed to evaluate these predictive factors during the various stages of the disease using the statistical package for the social science program. It was showed that age is not a predictive factor in determining the stage of the disease but the indicator CA125 was an influential factor in determining the stage while the indicator CA19-9was not significant influential factor. Age was an influential factor at the CA125 and CA19-9 levels
subject: Articles - Volume 2 Number 1
  topic: section
subject: pharmacy
  topic: category
subject: Chemistry
  topic: category
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ala'a Alfade
creator: Bassma Al-Dallal
creator: Paula Alabd
creator: Abd alkareem Maghmomeh
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-06-17
publication date: 2024-06-17
starting page: 137
ending page: 145
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19436485

Impact of Exam Stress on Blood Levels of: Cortisol,Glucose and Cholesterol in Pharmacy Students
type: item
description: Stress is a sum of physical, mental and emotional tensions on a person. Examination is a stress factor for students, that may bring about blood parameters changes. Thus, this study investigates the change in Cortisol, Glucose and Cholesterol levels in blood under the effect of examination. A blood sample was used to measure the levels of glucose, cholesterol and cortisol among 30 pharmacy students at Al-Wataniya Private University. The study was conducted 2 weeks prior to the exams (pre-exam) and during exams. Glucose, cortisol, and cholesterol were increased significantly (P<0.05) during-exam in comparison with pre-exam period for all students and both sexes. Cortisol level increased significantly among femalesduring exams compared to pre-exam while the increase was non-significant among males, which indicates that males react to stress in a more controlled manner than females.These findings suggest that the stress that the students are exposed to leads to blood parameters changes which predispose students to metabolic diseases.Stress is a sum of physical, mental and emotional tensions on a person. Examination is a stress factor for students, that may bring about blood parameters changes. Thus, this study investigates the change in Cortisol, Glucose and Cholesterol levels in blood under the effect of examination. A blood sample was used to measure the levels of glucose, cholesterol and cortisol among 30 pharmacy students at Al-Wataniya Private University. The study was conducted 2 weeks prior to the exams (pre-exam) and during exams. Glucose, cortisol, and cholesterol were increased significantly (P<0.05) during-exam in comparison with pre-exam period for all students and both sexes. Cortisol level increased significantly among femalesduring exams compared to pre-exam while the increase was non-significant among males, which indicates that males react to stress in a more controlled manner than females.These findings suggest that the stress that the students are exp…
subject: Articles - Volume 2 Number 1
  topic: section
subject: pharmacy
  topic: category
subject: Mathematics
  topic: category
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: disciplines
creator: Raghda Lahdo
creator: Assil Alhafez
creator: Toleen Dilki
creator: Ola Ahaj Ali
creator: Laila Adi
creator: Leen Essa
creator: Leena Hny
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-06-17
publication date: 2024-06-17
starting page: 129
ending page: 136
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19436013

Molecular modeling study of the effect of a group of compounds extracted from some essential oils on the KAS I enzyme in tuberculosis bacteria
type: item
description: Objective: Procedure a molecular modeling study on a group of compounds extracted from aromatic oils in order to discover natural compounds that are anti-Tuberculosis bacilli.Materials and Methods: Molecular modeling was done by iGemdock software using Standard Docking. It required downloading the structure of the target enzyme KAS I from the Protein Data Bank website, and then the chemical compound formulas for 89 compounds extracted from essential oils were collected from the pubchem website. The formulas were drawn with the chemdraw program, and then the docking process was completed between the target enzyme KAS I and the studied compounds. In addition, the Applying Lepinski and Weber's rules to the group of studied compounds in order to predict the bioavailability of these compounds. Data for these two rules were collected from the Pubchem website..Results: The results showed that 19 compounds achieved a higher binding energy than the standard compound. These results indicate that it is possible to formulate these compounds as anti-Tuberculosis drugs.Conclusion: This theoretical study shed light on some natural compounds, including Apiginin, Stearic acid, Oleic Acid, and Arachidic Acid found in some essential oils, which had high binding energies compared to the standard ones, as their energy reached -78.1 KJ/mol and reached the binding energies of the compounds are respectively (-104.81,-90.23, -89.62, -89.38) and therefore they can beconsidered as new substrates in targeting bacilli and reducing their high resistance to the antibiotics used.
subject: Articles - Volume 2 Number 1
  topic: section
subject: pharmacy
  topic: category
subject: Chemistry
  topic: category
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: disciplines
subject: Array
  topic: disciplines
subject: Array
  topic: disciplines
subject: Array
  topic: disciplines
creator: Hani salim
creator: Thanaa Mourad
creator: Raghad Al Trkmany
creator: Lilas Arroub
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-06-17
publication date: 2024-06-17
starting page: 117
ending page: 128
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19435762

Comparison of Compressive strength between three types of crown-root restorative techniques in primary anterior teeth
type: item
description: The objective of our study was to compare the fracture resistance and the mode of failure among three different post-materials in primary anterior teeth. Sixty extracted primary anterior teeth were selected for the study. The samples were divided into three groups of twenty teeth each. Pulp therapy was followed by intracanal post and crown buildup. The samples were mounted in self-cure acrylic and subjected to a compressive strength test using a universal testing machine (testometric). The maximum force at which the tooth fractured was recorded.The values were subjected to one way analysis of variance. The mean compressive strength values of Ribbond, omega loop, and glass fiber post were found to be 83.25 N, 61.60 N, and 75.55 N, respectively. The P value was found to be 0.220.Within the limitations of this research, we recommend using posts made of polyethylene to restore damaged teeth.
subject: Articles - Volume 2 Number 1
  topic: section
subject: Dentistry
  topic: category
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: disciplines
subject: Array
  topic: disciplines
creator: Mohammad anas almodalal
creator: Anas bajbouj
creator: ahmad al rahwan
creator: assma al moussa
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-06-17
publication date: 2024-06-17
starting page: 106
ending page: 116
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19427113

The impact of inflation and interest rates in the capital structure of private commercial banks listed on Damascusstock Exchange
type: item
description: This research aims to study the impact of inflation and interest rate on the capital structure of the private commercial banks listed on the Damascus Stock Exchange, during the period from 2009 to 2022. By using cross-sectional time series data models(panel data) and applying it to a sample of banks listed in Damascus Stock Exchange, which are 6 banks(Bemo Saudi Fransi, International Trade and Finance, Syria and the Diaspora, Audi(National Credit), Arab, Byblos). The research reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which is the keenness of commercial banks to strengthen their capital structure since the beginning of the war, which is a positive indicator of banks' efforts to support their capital structure and increase their equity to ward off various risks surrounding their work. In addition, the results of the standard analysis showed a direct and statistically significant effect of inflation and interest rate on the capital structure expressed as(equity/assets) for private commercial banks listed in the Damascus Stock Exchange and a negative and statistically significant effect of inflation and interest rate on the capital structure expressed as(liabilities/assets) for private commercial banks listed in the Damascus Stock Exchange
subject: Articles - Volume 2 Number 1
  topic: section
subject: Administrative and Financial Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: disciplines
creator: Reema Sheikh Alsouk
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-06-17
publication date: 2024-06-17
starting page: 85
ending page: 105
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19426852

Using Downside Risk Management Approach inDetermining Investment Strategies(An applied Study in Damascus Stock Exchange)
type: item
description: This study aimed to identify the different strategies that investors can follow in managing and allocating assets, in addition to using different risk measures to determine the volatility resulting from investments in stocks listed on the Damascus Stock Exchange, based on historical data represented in the series of daily closing prices of the shares of all companies listed on the Damascus Stock Exchange from 1/1/2023 to 31/7/2024. The study found that there is a difference inthe investment strategies followed in Damascus Stock Exchange in terms of the stocks that can be acquired in each of them, due to the difference in the characteristics of the stocks, and the results of applying the criteria used to determine the degree of safety of the investment strategies followed. It was found through the use of semi-variance as a measure of risk that its values are low, which means that most of the fluctuations in the stocks returns' of companies listed in Damascus Stock Exchange are inthe positive direction, and when reviewing the conditional value at risk, it was relatively low, which indicates that the expected loss values with a 5% probability are small.Therefore, the conservative strategy can be considered the best among the strategies adopted and the most suitable for application in Damascus Stock Exchange.
subject: Articles - Volume 2 Number 1
  topic: section
subject: Administrative and Financial Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ward Kojak
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-06-17
publication date: 2024-06-17
starting page: 67
ending page: 84
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19428480

Studying The Intersection Of Rotational Cylinders Analytically And Graphically To Obtain The Unfolding Of The Intersection Curve
type: item
description: The problem of intersection between rotational cylindrical bodies is considered as a problem of special importance, either in theoretical studies, or in practical applications, such that in water supply projects, irrigation projects, oil and gas projects and other industrial projects that involves piping and cylindrical tanks works.In this paper we will study the problem of intersection between rotational cylindrical bodies. We will solve this problem using the analyticalmethod and the graphical method. The analytical solution includes acquiring the equations of the resulting intersection curve, whereas in the graphical solution, which relies on descriptive geometry and the method of auxiliary spheres, the result is acquiring the shape of the intersection curve and determining its projections. In spite of the importance of reaching the intersection curve, the acquiring of the unfolding of the intersection curve and its graphical plot is more important and it is the aim of this research. We will demonstrate this issue via a numerical practical example including various cases of studied intersection
subject: Articles - Volume 2 Number 1
  topic: section
subject: Mathematics
  topic: category
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: disciplines
subject: Array
  topic: disciplines
creator: Waad Attiah
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-06-17
publication date: 2024-06-17
starting page: 50
ending page: 66
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19415495

Radiography of the Biological samples by X-rays emitted from plasma focus
type: item
description: In this paper, a review is presented of the possibility of using plasma focus as X-ray sources for imaging biological samples. First, a presentation of the emission mechanisms and basic groups of X-ray sources was presented. The mechanisms of emission of X-rays from plasma were explained in general, and then an explanation of the advantages of plasma focus as X-ray sources and the factors affecting the energy of the emitted x-rays. Finally, a number of examples of imaging operations of some biological samples were presented using plasma focus devices
subject: Articles - Volume 2 Number 1
  topic: section
subject: Physics
  topic: category
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: disciplines
creator: Alaa Nassif
creator: Walid Sahyouni
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-06-17
publication date: 2024-06-17
starting page: 40
ending page: 49
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19345548

The role of strategic flexibility in improving performance "A field study at the Al-wataniya Private University (WPU)"
type: item
description: This study sought to study the relationship between strategic flexibility and performance improvement in thecolleges of Al-wataniya Private University (WPU)", in addition to revealing the role of each dimension of strategic flexibility in improving performance in the colleges of Al-wataniya Private University (WPU)". The dimensions of strategic flexibility wereidentified in four dimensions: productive flexibility,human capital flexibility, competitive flexibility, and market flexibility. The research community consisted of all employees of the colleges of Al-wataniya Private University (WPU)", in addition to members of the educational staff (technical and teaching), and in order to collect data through a questionnaire designed for this purpose, the researcher relied on a facilitated sample (non-probability), the study sample amounted to (100) members of the administrative and educational staff. The researcher reached a set of results and recommendations, the most important of which is the existence of a significant relationship between all dimensions of strategic flexibility and performance improvement. The researcher also recommended that Al-wataniya Private University (WPU)"enhance its flexible policies to appoint qualified faculty members according to market requirements, and enhance investment in new technologies to increase academic and administrative efficiency.
subject: Articles - Volume 2 Number 1
  topic: section
subject: Administrative and Financial Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: disciplines
creator: Husain Kousayri
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-06-17
publication date: 2024-06-17
starting page: 12
ending page: 39
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19397458

DETERMINION of DICLOFENAC SODIUM IN TABLETS FORMULATIONS by DEREVATIVE SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
type: item
description: A new sensitive, simple, rapid, precise, accurate, economical and reproducible derivative spectrophotometric method has been developed. It requires no prior separation for the estimation of Diclofenac Sodium (Dic.Na) in tablets pharmaceutical form. First order spectrophotometric derivative method was adopted to eliminatespectral interference. The first order derivative absorption wavelength of (Dic.Na) was found to be 255 nm, dissolved in NaOH medium (1M). This wavelength was selected for the analysis of (Dic.Na) at 255 nm, obeyed Beer-Lambert's law in the concentrationsrange of 0.5 -32 μg/mL. Regression analysis showed a good correlation coefficient R2 = 0.9999. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were to be 0.05 and 0.15 μg/mL respectively .The proposed method has been successfully applied in analyzing (Dic.Na) in some Syrian trademark drugs. All studied samples showed that the drug level was in conformity with the United State Pharmacopeia (USP) legislation
subject: Articles - Volume 2 Number 1
  topic: section
subject: pharmacy
  topic: category
subject: Chemistry
  topic: category
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: disciplines
subject: Array
  topic: disciplines
creator: Saad Antakli
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2024-06-17
publication date: 2024-06-17
starting page: 1
ending page: 11
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19383546

Studying the effect of some compounds found in some essential oils on the penicillin-binding protein in Staphylococcus aureus, using molecular docking
type: item
description: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main causes of skin and soft tissue infections. Due to the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and the increase in resistance to them, we have an urgent need to discover new antibiotics. Therefore, we turned to studying essential oils, as they are one of the most important modern natural treatments that have proven effective in combating many diseases. Conducting a statistical reference study on some compounds found in some essential oils, where 89 compounds extracted from 45 essential oils were selected, and they were studied using modern pharmaceutical techniques, including molecular docking, then these compounds were studied according to Lapinski’s rules and Weber’s rules, which are rules that express bioavailability and drug kinetics. (Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion). In this research, the penicillin-binding protein PBP-4 of Staphylococcus aureus was targeted with some compounds found in some essential oils, and their effectiveness was evaluated computationally using molecular modeling. The computer study was conducted using two programs IGemDock and Argus Lab. The results of molecular modeling showed that the compounds Gastrodin, Oleanolic acid, Apigenin, Stearic acid, and Oleic acid binding energies estimated as follows: -108.91, -100.55, -99.51, -97.77, -90.52, may be potential targets for penicillin-binding protein PBP-4.
subject: Articles – Volume 1 Number 1
  topic: section
subject: pharmacy
  topic: category
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: disciplines
subject: Array
  topic: disciplines
creator: Hani Salim
creator: Thanaa Mourad
creator: Raghad Al-kurdi
creator: Dema almir
creator: Roaa Al-Saleh
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-12-03
publication date: 2023-12-03
starting page: 214
ending page: 224
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19351711

An analytical study of the reality of e-managementapplication at Al-Wataniya Private University: a proposed framework for designing a mobile app
type: item
description: This research aimed to: identify the reality of e-management application at Al-Wataniya Private University, suggest a proposed mobile-app that serves relevant parties (students, faculty members, and employees), and propose the necessary recommendations to enable e-management application. A technique of semi-structured personal Interviews with open-ended questions was used in order to identify the reality and obstacles of applying e-management at Al-Wataniya Private University. To analyze the interview's questions, a thematic analysis approach was used, which is a method usually used to analyze qualitative data obtained from interviews .The final results were as follows: All necessary requirements for e-management application at Al-Wataniya Private University are available, including technical, administrative, financial, and human requirements. The directorates of: examinations, student affairs, finance, and information technology rely well on e-management in providing their services to the relevant parties, while human resources directorate has limited rely on e-management in providing its services .Based on the foregoing, it can be said that Al-Wataniya Private University possesses all the necessary components to launch its mobile-app, which will be the most prominent of its electronic services, and enhance its competitive advantages.
subject: Articles – Volume 1 Number 1
  topic: section
subject: Administrative and Financial Sciences
  topic: category
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: disciplines
creator: Majdi Arrif
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-12-03
publication date: 2023-12-03
starting page: 173
ending page: 194
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19347984

Designing an Efficient Deduplication Algorithm for Audio Files in Cloud Storage
type: item
description: Duplicate data poses a significant challenge in big data storage systems as it consumes storage space, affecting data organization, management, and processing. To solvethis problem, hashalgorithms are used to generate hashkeys for files. However, as theamount of data stored in the cloud increases, the search and matching process takes longer. Additionally, hashkeys can match different files, known as collisions, which are related to the length of the hashkey. The longer the key, the less likely collisions will occur.In this paper, we present a technique for eliminating duplicate data at the file level to reduce storage of duplicate audio data in the cloud storage system. The proposed technique aims to reduce the search time for hashvalues by creatinga reduction table with multiple indexes. These indexes are designed based on the audio file format. Therefore, the hashtable includes multiple indexes, each for a specific format. To minimize the probabilityof collisions, MD6 algorithm is used, which produces a key with a length of 512 bits.
subject: Articles – Volume 1 Number 1
  topic: section
subject: Informatics Engineering
  topic: category
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: disciplines
creator: Ammar Zakzouk
creator: Hasan Hasan
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-12-03
publication date: 2023-12-03
starting page: 162
ending page: 172
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19347954

Possibility of Using Dense Plasma Focus Devices to Produce Short-Lived Radioisotopes Used in PET—Numerical Study
type: item
description: In this paper, a numerical study was conducted of the possibility of using dense plasma focus devices in the production of short-lived radioisotopes (SLRs) by taking advantage of the deuterium ion beams resulting from the collapse of the plasma pinch. The study was done on the two isotopes C^11 and O^15, where the number of ions interacting with the target was found and then the radioactivity was calculated. Comparing the resulting values with the values of the radioactivity when produced by the cyclotron, the values were very low, and by taking advantage of the possibility of changing the pressure of deuterium gas. The radioactivity was calculated when changing the pressure, as the activity value increased to 0.002 GBq for carbon and 0.013 GBq for oxygen with increasing pressure, but we could not reach the required value. The radioactivity was calculated at different frequencies and operating times. We obtained the required value for carbon at 275 Hz, 1000 s, and for oxygen at 75 Hz, 1000 s
subject: Articles – Volume 1 Number 1
  topic: section
subject: pharmacy
  topic: category
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: subjects
subject: Array
  topic: subjects
subject: Array
  topic: disciplines
subject: Array
  topic: disciplines
creator: Alaa Nassif
creator: Walid Sahyouni
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-12-03
publication date: 2023-12-03
starting page: 150
ending page: 161
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19347675

New developingand Validation method to Determine Lidocaine Hydrochloride in Raw Material and Injection Forms by Using RP-HPLC
type: item
description: This work was aimed to develop a rapid, simple, sensitive and precise high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the estimation of Lidocaine hydrochloride (Lido) in both injection dosage forms and raw materials. The chromatographic separation was achieved with acetonitrile:phosphoric acid (pH = 3) in ratio of 30:70 (v/v) as mobile phase on a Shim-pack clc-C8 column (25 cm x 4.6 mm i.d., 5 μm) with UV detection at 212 nm, pump flow rate 1.0 mL/min and sample injection volume 20 μL. The method was validated with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy and specificity. The calibration curve showed good linearity over the concentration range of (2.5 - 250) µg/mL in presence of Caffeine (Caff) as internal standard with limit of detection and limit of quantification were to be 0.31 µg/mL and 0.94 µg/mL, respectively. The developed method was very rapid with a run time of 4.5 min and found to be successively applied for the quality control of (Lido) in pharmaceutical formulations
subject: Articles – Volume 1 Number 1
  topic: section
subject: Chemistry
  topic: category
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: keywords
subject: Array
  topic: disciplines
subject: Array
  topic: disciplines
creator: SAAD ANTAKLI
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2023-12-03
publication date: 2023-12-03
starting page: 139
ending page: 149
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19346120