{"id":8464,"date":"2026-07-19T08:02:14","date_gmt":"2026-07-19T08:02:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/?p=8464"},"modified":"2026-07-19T10:15:05","modified_gmt":"2026-07-19T10:15:05","slug":"%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%ac%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%8a%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%83%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a3%d8%ab%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%ac%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%84%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%8a%d9%88%d8%aa%d9%83%d9%86%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a3%d8%ab%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%ae\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 2023"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"8464\" class=\"elementor elementor-8464\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5f5b8b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b5f5b8b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc78f70 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cc78f70\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77897f3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77897f3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u00a0<\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 13px;\">\u0627\u0644\u0640\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0640\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0640\u0627\u0635\u0640\u0640\u0629<\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 13px;\">Student Oasis of Al-Wataniya Private University<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2fcc131 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2fcc131\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1921187 eael_simple_menu_hamburger_disable_selected_menu_no eael-simple-menu-hamburger-align-right eael-simple-menu-link-full-width eael-hamburger--tablet elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-simple-menu\" data-id=\"1921187\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-simple-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<style>\n                        @media screen and (max-width: 1024px) {\n                            .eael-hamburger--tablet {\n                                .eael-simple-menu-horizontal,\n                                .eael-simple-menu-vertical {\n                                    display: none;\n                                }\n                            }\n                            .eael-hamburger--tablet {\n                                .eael-simple-menu-container .eael-simple-menu-toggle {\n                                    display: block;\n                                }\n                            }\n                        }\n                        .eael-simple-menu-container.eael-simple-menu--loading > ul {\n                            display: -webkit-box !important;\n                            display: -ms-flexbox !important;\n                            display: flex !important;\n                            list-style: none !important;\n                        }\n                        .eael-simple-menu-container.eael-simple-menu--loading li ul {\n                            visibility: hidden !important;\n                            opacity: 0 !important;\n                        }\n                    <\/style>            <div data-hamburger-icon=\"&lt;svg aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-bars&quot; viewBox=&quot;0 0 448 512&quot; xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z&quot;&gt;&lt;\/path&gt;&lt;\/svg&gt;\" data-indicator-icon=\"&lt;svg aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down&quot; viewBox=&quot;0 0 320 512&quot; xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z&quot;&gt;&lt;\/path&gt;&lt;\/svg&gt;\" data-dropdown-indicator-icon=\"&lt;svg class=&quot;e-font-icon-svg e-fas-angle-down&quot; viewBox=&quot;0 0 320 512&quot; xmlns=&quot;http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg&quot;&gt;&lt;path d=&quot;M143 352.3L7 216.3c-9.4-9.4-9.4-24.6 0-33.9l22.6-22.6c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l96.4 96.4 96.4-96.4c9.4-9.4 24.6-9.4 33.9 0l22.6 22.6c9.4 9.4 9.4 24.6 0 33.9l-136 136c-9.2 9.4-24.4 9.4-33.8 0z&quot;&gt;&lt;\/path&gt;&lt;\/svg&gt;\" class=\"eael-simple-menu-container eael-simple-menu--loading eael-simple-menu-align-center eael-simple-menu-dropdown-align-right preset-1 eael-simple-menu-link-full-width\" data-hamburger-breakpoints=\"{&quot;mobile&quot;:&quot;Mobile Portrait (&gt; 767px)&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;:&quot;Tablet Portrait (&gt; 1024px)&quot;,&quot;desktop&quot;:&quot;Desktop (&gt; 2400px)&quot;,&quot;none&quot;:&quot;None&quot;}\" data-hamburger-device=\"tablet\">\n                <ul id=\"menu-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9\" class=\"eael-simple-menu eael-simple-menu-dropdown-animate-to-top eael-simple-menu-indicator eael-simple-menu-horizontal\"><li id=\"menu-item-399\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-399\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-8\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-8\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%81%d8%b6%d9%84-%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629<span role=\"button\" class=\"dropdown-menu-toggle ast-header-navigation-arrow\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\" aria-haspopup=\"true\"><\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-6689\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-6689\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%81%d8%b6%d9%84-%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-6682\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-6682\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%84-%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%85-%D8%A7-6\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-90\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-90\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-10\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-10\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<span role=\"button\" class=\"dropdown-menu-toggle ast-header-navigation-arrow\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\" aria-haspopup=\"true\"><\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-115\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-115\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-116\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-116\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-14\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-14\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639<\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-12\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-12\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%87%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%88%d8%b7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629<span role=\"button\" class=\"dropdown-menu-toggle ast-header-navigation-arrow\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\" aria-haspopup=\"true\"><\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-219\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-219\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-220\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-220\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-284\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-284\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0646<span role=\"button\" class=\"dropdown-menu-toggle ast-header-navigation-arrow\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-label=\"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\" aria-haspopup=\"true\"><\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\">\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-15\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-15\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-389\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-389\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li id=\"menu-item-283\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-283\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/\u062d\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a-\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c-\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628-\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\/\" class=\"menu-link\">\u062d\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-4119\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-4119\"><a href=\"#pll_switcher\" class=\"menu-link\">\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>                <button class=\"eael-simple-menu-toggle\">\n                    <span class=\"sr-only \">Hamburger Toggle Menu<\/span>\n                    <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-bars\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M16 132h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16V76c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16C7.163 60 0 67.163 0 76v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16zm0 160h416c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16v-40c0-8.837-7.163-16-16-16H16c-8.837 0-16 7.163-16 16v40c0 8.837 7.163 16 16 16z\"><\/path><\/svg>                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n            \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6977436 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6977436\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18eeb93 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"18eeb93\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8bb347c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8bb347c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\n2023\n<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f2509a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9f2509a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99eed30 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"99eed30\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 - \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-583e4a7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"583e4a7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f8ce78 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6f8ce78\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11fefdc elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"11fefdc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/watania-logo-150x150.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-681\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f  \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 : \u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0634<\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52875cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"52875cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c420269 elementor-position-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"c420269\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/watania-logo-150x150.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-image-681\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h3 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\">\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641: \u062f. \u0645\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f<\/h3><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629\n\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e9a80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"26e9a80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7186b1 elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"e7186b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629-\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629-\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629-\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631-\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635-\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629-\u0639\u0644\u0649-\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631-\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644-\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627-\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627-2023.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 PDF<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0210ad9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"0210ad9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-550571b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"550571b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f7d9dc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2f7d9dc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93acff8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93acff8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wa01.png\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8467\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wa01.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"567\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wa01.png 567w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wa01-300x250.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 567px) 100vw, 567px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1 &#8211; \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0624\u0631\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0627\u064b \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 [1].<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2 &#8211; \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644: <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u062a\u0639\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 [2]:<\/span><\/p><ol><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 <\/strong><strong>(<\/strong><strong>Soil Liquefaction)<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 (\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0639) \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 [2].<\/span><\/p><ol><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 [2].<\/span><\/p><ol><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 [2].<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>3 &#8211; \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0632\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u0631\u0629 (\u0625\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0631 1999\u060c \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0639\u0634 2023\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a (\u0623\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629 526\u0645\u060c \u062d\u0644\u0628 1138\u0645\u060c 1822\u060c 2023). \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 [3].\u060c \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629:<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wpu02.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8468\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wpu02.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1171\" height=\"682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wpu02.png 1171w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wpu02-300x175.png 300w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wpu02-1024x596.png 1024w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wpu02-768x447.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1171px) 100vw, 1171px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>4 &#8211; \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 2023 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639):<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0641\u064a 6 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\/\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 2023\u060c \u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u0651\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631. \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647 7.8 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0631\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0640 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (USGS)\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 7.5 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 95 \u0643\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 6 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2023 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0639\u0634 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0627\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064a\u0627 50 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 8 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u062d\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0639.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 2023 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 [5].<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wp4.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8469\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wp4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"430\" height=\"178\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wp4.jpg 430w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wp4-300x124.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 430px) 100vw, 430px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 2: \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u062f\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 [6].<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1 &#8211; \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a (\u0642\u0635\u060c \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0639\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u062f):<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a ((Dynamic Soil Behavior \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0641\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 [7]:<\/span><\/p><ol><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 <\/strong><strong>(Shear Behavior<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u0651\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a (Gd) \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 [7].<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wp5.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8470\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wp5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"692\" height=\"492\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wp5.png 692w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wp5-300x213.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 692px) 100vw, 692px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>b. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0639 <\/strong><strong>(Liquefaction<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629: \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0641\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a. \u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 [7].<\/span><\/p><ol><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u062f <\/strong><strong>(Damping<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/span><\/li><\/ol><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 [7].<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2 &#8211; \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><strong>(Sandy Soils)<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a [9].<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><strong>(Clayey Soils<\/strong><strong>)<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a [9].<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><strong>(Gravelly Soils)<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 [9].<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0629 <\/strong><strong>(Soft or Organic Soils)<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u062a\u064f\u0636\u062e\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 [9].<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646: <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1 &#8211; \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 (\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644): <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u064a \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 [10]:<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627: <\/strong><\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u062f\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0635\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 [10].<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a [10].<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: <\/strong><\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0644\u0628 [10].<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&#8211; \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 [10].<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2 &#8211; \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/strong> \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627: <\/strong><\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0643\u0645\u0631\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644) \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 [11].<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627: <\/strong><\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0636\u062e\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a [11].<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>3- <\/strong><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 <strong>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627<\/strong> \u0648<strong>\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/strong> \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d:\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wa6.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8471\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wa6.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1190\" height=\"492\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wa6.png 1190w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wa6-300x124.png 300w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wa6-1024x423.png 1024w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wa6-768x318.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1190px) 100vw, 1190px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 2023<\/strong><strong>: <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1 &#8211; \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646: <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a [13]:<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wa7.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8472\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wa7.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1166\" height=\"645\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wa7.png 1166w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wa7-300x166.png 300w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wa7-1024x566.png 1024w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wa7-768x425.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1166px) 100vw, 1166px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wa8.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8473\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wa8.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1057\" height=\"732\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wa8.png 1057w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wa8-300x208.png 300w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wa8-1024x709.png 1024w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/wa8-768x532.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1057px) 100vw, 1057px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0639 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629: <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 2023 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0639 (\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644) \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0627\u064a \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 [14].<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ws9.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8474\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ws9.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"961\" height=\"510\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ws9.jpg 961w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ws9-300x159.jpg 300w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ws9-768x408.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 961px) 100vw, 961px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px; color: #000000;\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 5: \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 [23].<\/em><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a<\/strong><strong>: <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1 <\/strong><strong>&#8211; \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629: <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/strong> \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 [15][16].<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0641\u064a <strong>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627<\/strong><strong>\u060c<\/strong> \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0639\u0634 \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0627\u064a\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 <strong>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628<\/strong> <strong>\u0646\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/strong> \u0630\u0627\u062a <strong>\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 <strong>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u064f\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u063a\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 [15][16].<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062d\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 <strong>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064f\u0643\u0627\u064b<\/strong>\u060c \u0630\u0627\u062a <strong>\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644<\/strong>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 <strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0648\u0639 [15][16]\u060c \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 (4) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646:<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><a style=\"color: #000000;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ws10.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-8475\" src=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ws10.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1192\" height=\"435\" srcset=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ws10.png 1192w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ws10-300x109.png 300w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ws10-1024x374.png 1024w, https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/ws10-768x280.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1192px) 100vw, 1192px\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2 &#8211; \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629: <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 [19].<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 [19].<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>3 &#8211; \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 <strong>\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 [20][21]:<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 <strong>\u0636\u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b (10\u201330 \u0645)<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 <strong>100 <\/strong><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0631<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u063a\u0630\u0651\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 [20][21].<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/strong>: \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646<strong> (20-60) \u0645<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0635 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632<strong>100 <\/strong><strong>\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 [20][21].<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>&#8211; \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644\u061f <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 <strong>\u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062d\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/strong> \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062e\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0651\u0644 <strong>\u0627\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 <strong>\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b<\/strong> \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a: <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>1 &#8211; <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629: <\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0627<\/strong>: \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u062f\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u062e\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u062f\u0645\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627<\/strong>: \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u062e\u0641\u0651 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0630 \u0628\u0637\u0626 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>2 &#8211; <\/strong><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><strong>: <\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0648\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 (\u062f\u0645\u0643\u060c \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621).<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0639.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0649 \u0627\u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 <\/strong><strong>References)<\/strong><strong>): <\/strong><\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[1] Kebede, M. A. (2020). Introduction to seismology: An overview of earthquake. Jimma University. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/345824789<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[2] ACM. (2025). Proceedings of the 2025 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Management Engineering. ACM. https:\/\/dl.acm.org\/doi\/10.1145\/3745533.3745632<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[3] Past\u00e9n, D., Vogel, E. E., Saravia, G., &amp; Posadas, A. (2025). Spatial, temporal, and dynamic behavior of different entropies in seismic activity: The February 2023 earthquakes in T\u00fcrkiye and Syria. Entropy, 27(5), 462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/e27050462<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[4] Billi, A., Cuffaro, M., Iezzi, F., Neri, G., &amp; Scrocca, D. (2024). Seismic slip channeling along the East Anatolian Fault illuminates long-term supercycle behavior. Nature Communications, 15, 9049. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-53234-0<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[5] University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. (2023, February 9). <em>Why were the earthquakes in Turkey and Syria so devastating?<\/em> https:\/\/www.unc.edu\/discover\/why-were-the-earthquakes-in-turkey-and-syria-so-devastating\/<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[6] NBC News. (2023, February 8). Syria earthquake: Rebel-held areas face civil war, survivors, cold winter. https:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/news\/world\/syria-turkey-earthquake-rebel-held-civil-war-survivors-cold-winter-rcna69463<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[7] National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2019). State of the art and practice in the assessment of earthquake-induced soil liquefaction and its consequences. The National Academies Press. https:\/\/www.nationalacademies.org\/read\/23474\/chapter\/4<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[8] Vedantu. (n.d.). Which of the following is called the limit up to&#8230; https:\/\/www.vedantu.com\/question-answer\/which-of-the-following-is-called-the-limit-up-to-class-11-physics-cbse-5f2e1149d2506876ecbcce66<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[9] Cao, Z., Yuan, X., &amp; Youd, T. L. (2021). Seismic gravelly soil liquefaction assessment based on dynamic penetration test using expanded case history dataset. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 151, 106982. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.soildyn.2021.106982<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[10] Ozer, C., &amp; Kaya, Z. (2024). The catastrophic effects of the 2023 Kahramanmaras earthquake on the built environment in Turkey. Scientific Reports, 14, 61326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-61326-6<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[11] \u00c7elik, S., &amp; \u00d6zmen, \u00d6. F. (2025). Characterizing soil dynamic parameters through ambient seismic noise in the Sakarya Region of the North Anatolian Fault System. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 1\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/nhess-2025-28<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[12] Soghrat, M. R., Jafarian, Y., &amp; Zafarani, H. (2024). The 2023 Turkey\u2013Syria earthquake sequence: Ground-motion and local site-effect analyses for Kahramanmaras city. International Journal of Civil Engineering, 22(4), 877\u2013900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40999-023-00917-2<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[13] Soghrat, M. R., Jafarian, Y., &amp; Zafarani, H. (2024). The 2023 Turkey\u2013Syria earthquake sequence: Ground-motion and local site-effect analyses for Kahramanmaras city. <em>International Journal of Civil Engineering<\/em>, <em>22<\/em>(4), 877\u2013900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40999-023-00917-2<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[14] Soghrat, M. R., Jafarian, Y., &amp; Zafarani, H. (2024). The 2023 Turkey\u2013Syria earthquake sequence: Ground-motion and local site-effect analyses for Kahramanmaras city. International Journal of Civil Engineering, 22(4), 877\u2013900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40999-023-00917-2<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[15] Al-Maleh, A., &amp; Al-Maleh, A. (2025). Geohazard assessment of historic chalk cavity collapses in Aleppo, Syria. ResearchGate. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/397211226<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[16] Al-Maleh, A., Al-Maleh, A., &amp; Al-Maleh, A. (2025). Geohazard assessment of historic chalk cavity collapses in Aleppo, Syria. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 105731. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jafrearsci.2025.105731<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[17] AFAD. (n.d.). Turkish Disaster and Emergency Management Authority. https:\/\/en.afad.gov.tr\/<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[18] \u062f\u0631\u0645\u0634\u060c \u0645. \u062e.\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0645.\u060c &amp; \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062e\u064a\u060c \u0645. (1982). \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629. \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0644\u0628.<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[19] Alexander, D. (2023). Reflections on the Turkish-Syrian earthquakes of 6th February 2023: Building collapse and its consequences. UCL Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction. https:\/\/blogs.ucl.ac.uk\/irdr\/2023\/02\/09\/reflectio ns-on-the-turkish-syrian-earthquakes\/<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[20] Yilmaz, M. T., &amp; Yilmaz, M. (2021). The GRACE-based assessment of the spatio-temporal variability of terrestrial and ground water storage over Turkey. ResearchGate. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/356918370<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[21] Yilmaz, M. T., &amp; Yilmaz, M. (2011). Water status in the Syrian water basins. ResearchGate. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/220243186<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[22] IARU Region 1. (2023, February 6). T\u00fcrkiye earthquake \u2014 6 February 2023. https:\/\/www.iaru-r1.org\/2023\/turkiye-earthquake-6-february-2023\/<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[23] Reuters. (2023, February 7). Families beg for help to find loved ones in snow-covered earthquake debris. https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/middle-east\/families-beg-help-find-loved-ones-snow-covered-earthquake-debris-2023-02-07\/<\/span><\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p><p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1df53db elementor-widget elementor-widget-elementskit-social-share\" data-id=\"1df53db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"elementskit-social-share.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"ekit-wid-con\" >\t\t<ul class=\"ekit_socialshare\">\n                            <li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-7954b34\" data-social=\"facebook\">\n                    <div class=\"facebook\">\n                        \n                        <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-facebook\"><\/i>                        \n                                                                                                \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643                                                                                            <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                                            <li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-1bded62\" data-social=\"whatsapp\">\n                    <div class=\"whatsapp\">\n                        \n                        <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-whatsapp-1\"><\/i>                        \n                                                                                                \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643                                                                                            <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                                            <li class=\"elementor-repeater-item-0adffd0\" data-social=\"telegram\">\n                    <div class=\"telegram\">\n                        \n                        <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-telegram\"><\/i>                        \n                                                                                                \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643                                                                                            <\/div>\n                <\/li>\n                                    <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7faf65a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7faf65a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fbdf56 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1fbdf56\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d0c8b0a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"d0c8b0a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-387e733 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"387e733\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c641596 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c641596\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c43a45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5c43a45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94397bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"94397bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2007 \u0648 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u00a0 \u0633\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a :<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><a style=\"color: #000080;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%b7%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u0627\u0646<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><a style=\"color: #000080;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%84%d8%a9\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0629<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><a style=\"color: #000080;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a )<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><a style=\"color: #000080;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%86%d8%af%d8%b3%d8%a9\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><a style=\"color: #000080;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><a style=\"color: #000080;\" href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/%d9%83%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a9\/\">\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-006a357 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"006a357\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a745bc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8a745bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82651c1 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"82651c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-wordpress\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M61.7 169.4l101.5 278C92.2 413 43.3 340.2 43.3 256c0-30.9 6.6-60.1 18.4-86.6zm337.9 75.9c0-26.3-9.4-44.5-17.5-58.7-10.8-17.5-20.9-32.4-20.9-49.9 0-19.6 14.8-37.8 35.7-37.8.9 0 1.8.1 2.8.2-37.9-34.7-88.3-55.9-143.7-55.9-74.3 0-139.7 38.1-177.8 95.9 5 .2 9.7.3 13.7.3 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l77.5 230.4L249.8 247l-33.1-90.8c-11.5-.7-22.3-2-22.3-2-11.5-.7-10.1-18.2 1.3-17.5 0 0 35.1 2.7 56 2.7 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l76.9 228.7 21.2-70.9c9-29.4 16-50.5 16-68.7zm-139.9 29.3l-63.8 185.5c19.1 5.6 39.2 8.7 60.1 8.7 24.8 0 48.5-4.3 70.6-12.1-.6-.9-1.1-1.9-1.5-2.9l-65.4-179.2zm183-120.7c.9 6.8 1.4 14 1.4 21.9 0 21.6-4 45.8-16.2 76.2l-65 187.9C426.2 403 468.7 334.5 468.7 256c0-37-9.4-71.8-26-102.1zM504 256c0 136.8-111.3 248-248 248C119.2 504 8 392.7 8 256 8 119.2 119.2 8 256 8c136.7 0 248 111.2 248 248zm-11.4 0c0-130.5-106.2-236.6-236.6-236.6C125.5 19.4 19.4 125.5 19.4 256S125.6 492.6 256 492.6c130.5 0 236.6-106.1 236.6-236.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/library.wpu.edu.sy\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-wordpress\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M61.7 169.4l101.5 278C92.2 413 43.3 340.2 43.3 256c0-30.9 6.6-60.1 18.4-86.6zm337.9 75.9c0-26.3-9.4-44.5-17.5-58.7-10.8-17.5-20.9-32.4-20.9-49.9 0-19.6 14.8-37.8 35.7-37.8.9 0 1.8.1 2.8.2-37.9-34.7-88.3-55.9-143.7-55.9-74.3 0-139.7 38.1-177.8 95.9 5 .2 9.7.3 13.7.3 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l77.5 230.4L249.8 247l-33.1-90.8c-11.5-.7-22.3-2-22.3-2-11.5-.7-10.1-18.2 1.3-17.5 0 0 35.1 2.7 56 2.7 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l76.9 228.7 21.2-70.9c9-29.4 16-50.5 16-68.7zm-139.9 29.3l-63.8 185.5c19.1 5.6 39.2 8.7 60.1 8.7 24.8 0 48.5-4.3 70.6-12.1-.6-.9-1.1-1.9-1.5-2.9l-65.4-179.2zm183-120.7c.9 6.8 1.4 14 1.4 21.9 0 21.6-4 45.8-16.2 76.2l-65 187.9C426.2 403 468.7 334.5 468.7 256c0-37-9.4-71.8-26-102.1zM504 256c0 136.8-111.3 248-248 248C119.2 504 8 392.7 8 256 8 119.2 119.2 8 256 8c136.7 0 248 111.2 248 248zm-11.4 0c0-130.5-106.2-236.6-236.6-236.6C125.5 19.4 19.4 125.5 19.4 256S125.6 492.6 256 492.6c130.5 0 236.6-106.1 236.6-236.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpua\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-wordpress\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M61.7 169.4l101.5 278C92.2 413 43.3 340.2 43.3 256c0-30.9 6.6-60.1 18.4-86.6zm337.9 75.9c0-26.3-9.4-44.5-17.5-58.7-10.8-17.5-20.9-32.4-20.9-49.9 0-19.6 14.8-37.8 35.7-37.8.9 0 1.8.1 2.8.2-37.9-34.7-88.3-55.9-143.7-55.9-74.3 0-139.7 38.1-177.8 95.9 5 .2 9.7.3 13.7.3 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l77.5 230.4L249.8 247l-33.1-90.8c-11.5-.7-22.3-2-22.3-2-11.5-.7-10.1-18.2 1.3-17.5 0 0 35.1 2.7 56 2.7 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l76.9 228.7 21.2-70.9c9-29.4 16-50.5 16-68.7zm-139.9 29.3l-63.8 185.5c19.1 5.6 39.2 8.7 60.1 8.7 24.8 0 48.5-4.3 70.6-12.1-.6-.9-1.1-1.9-1.5-2.9l-65.4-179.2zm183-120.7c.9 6.8 1.4 14 1.4 21.9 0 21.6-4 45.8-16.2 76.2l-65 187.9C426.2 403 468.7 334.5 468.7 256c0-37-9.4-71.8-26-102.1zM504 256c0 136.8-111.3 248-248 248C119.2 504 8 392.7 8 256 8 119.2 119.2 8 256 8c136.7 0 248 111.2 248 248zm-11.4 0c0-130.5-106.2-236.6-236.6-236.6C125.5 19.4 19.4 125.5 19.4 256S125.6 492.6 256 492.6c130.5 0 236.6-106.1 236.6-236.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/wpu.edu.sy\/wpus\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-wordpress\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M61.7 169.4l101.5 278C92.2 413 43.3 340.2 43.3 256c0-30.9 6.6-60.1 18.4-86.6zm337.9 75.9c0-26.3-9.4-44.5-17.5-58.7-10.8-17.5-20.9-32.4-20.9-49.9 0-19.6 14.8-37.8 35.7-37.8.9 0 1.8.1 2.8.2-37.9-34.7-88.3-55.9-143.7-55.9-74.3 0-139.7 38.1-177.8 95.9 5 .2 9.7.3 13.7.3 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l77.5 230.4L249.8 247l-33.1-90.8c-11.5-.7-22.3-2-22.3-2-11.5-.7-10.1-18.2 1.3-17.5 0 0 35.1 2.7 56 2.7 22.2 0 56.7-2.7 56.7-2.7 11.5-.7 12.8 16.2 1.4 17.5 0 0-11.5 1.3-24.3 2l76.9 228.7 21.2-70.9c9-29.4 16-50.5 16-68.7zm-139.9 29.3l-63.8 185.5c19.1 5.6 39.2 8.7 60.1 8.7 24.8 0 48.5-4.3 70.6-12.1-.6-.9-1.1-1.9-1.5-2.9l-65.4-179.2zm183-120.7c.9 6.8 1.4 14 1.4 21.9 0 21.6-4 45.8-16.2 76.2l-65 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