صياغة وتقييم جل مضاد للالتهابات يحتوي على 2.5% خلاصة نبات القبار Capparis Spinosa

[1] A. C. Smith, M. S. Smith, R. P. Roach, B. R. Prine, M. W. Moser, K. W. Farmer, and J. R. Clugston, “Making Sense of Topical Pain Relief Options: Comparing Topical Analgesics in Efficacy and Safety,” Sports Health, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 843–852, 2025, doi: 10.1177/19417381241280593.

[2] S. Derry, P. J. Wiffen, E. A. Kalso, R. F. Bell, D. Aldington, T. Phillips, H. Gaskell, and R. A. Moore, “Topical analgesics for acute and chronic pain in adults—An overview of Cochrane Reviews,” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, no. 5, Art. no. CD008609, 2017, doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008609.pub2.

[3] J. Patel, N. A. Patel, and T. Lal, “Formulation and Evaluation of an Anti-inflammatory Topical Polyherbal Gel,” Journal of Natural Remedies, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 555–564, 2023, doi: 10.18311/jnr/2023/32273.

[4] A. Nandabaram, M. Sudhakar, R. Nangunoori, D. Nadiminti, N. Naluvala, M. Nanded, and S. Panjala, “Formulation and Evaluation of an Anti-inflammatory Gel Containing 2.5% Capparis brevispina Extract,” World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 2141–2151, 2025, doi: 10.30574/wjarr.2025.25.3.0959.

[5] T. Saher, R. Manzoor, K. Abbas, J. Mudassir, M. A. Wazir, E. Ali, F. A. Siddique, A. Rasul, M. I. Qadir, A. Aleem, N. Qaiser, A. Usman, M. Romman, and M. S. Ali, “Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Two Hydrogel Formulations Comprising Polyherbal Extract,” Journal of Pain Research, vol. 15, pp. 1203–1219, 2022, doi: 10.2147/JPR.S351921.

[6] M. F. Mannaa, N. Ashesh, E. Alfatwa, E. Almustafa, B. Bakkarand . , H. Alshab, “In Vitro Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Capparis spinosa Using Protein Denaturation Inhibition method”, Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 1–11, Dec. 24, 2025. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.20960807.

[7] H. Zhang and Z. F. Ma, “Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Capparis spinosa as a Medicinal Plant,” Nutrients, vol. 10, no. 2, Art. no. 116, 2018, doi: 10.3390/nu10020116.

[8] R. Rahnavard and N. Razavi, “A Review on the Medical Effects of Capparis spinosa L.,” Advanced Herbal Medicine, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 44–53, 2017.

[9] N. Tlili, W. Elfalleh, E. Saadaoui, A. Khaldi, S. Triki, and N. Nasri, “The Caper (Capparis L.): Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties,” Fitoterapia, vol. 82, no. 2, pp. 93–101, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.09.006.

[10] M. Moutia, K. El Azhary, A. Elouaddari, A. Al Jahid, J. Jamal Eddine, F. Seghrouchni, N. Habti, and A. Badou, “Capparis spinosa L. Promotes Anti-inflammatory Response in vitro Through the Control of Cytokine Gene Expression in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells,” BMC Immunology, vol. 17, Art. no. 26, 2016, doi: 10.1186/s12865-016-0164-x.

[11] A. S. Alqahtani, F. A. Nasr, M. Z. Ahmed, M. Y. Bin Mansour, A. A. Biksmawi, O. M. Noman, R. N. Herqash, M. Al-Zharani, A. A. Qurtam, and H. A. Rudayni, “In vitro Protective and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Capparis spinosa and Its Flavonoids Profile,” Open Chemistry, vol. 21, no. 1, Art. no. 20230186, 2023, doi: 10.1515/chem-2023-0186.

[12] A. M. Panico, V. Cardile, F. Garufi, C. Puglia, F. Bonina, and G. Ronsisvalle, “Protective Effect of Capparis spinosa on Chondrocytes,” Life Sciences, vol. 77, no. 20, pp. 2479–2488, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.12.051.

[13] Y. Yahia, M. A. Benabderrahim, N. Tlili, H. Hannachi, L. Ayadi, and W. Elfalleh, “Comparison of Three Extraction Protocols for the Characterization of Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) Leaf Extracts: Evaluation of Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids by Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Ionization–Tandem Mass Spectrometry and the Antioxidant Activity,” Analytical Letters, vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 1366–1377, 2020, doi: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1706546.

[14] P. Kumari and S. Bais, “Formulation and Pharmacological Evaluation of Herbal Gel Containing Curcuma longa,” INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2022, doi: 10.36922/itps.287.

[15] R. Aiyalu, A. Govindarjan, and A. Ramasamy, “Formulation and Evaluation of Topical Herbal Gel for the Treatment of Arthritis in Animal Model,” Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 493–507, 2016, doi: 10.1590/S1984-82502016000300015.

[16] G. A. Hawker, S. Mian, T. Kendzerska, and M. French, “Measures of Adult Pain: Visual Analog Scale for Pain, Numeric Rating Scale for Pain, McGill Pain Questionnaire, Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, Chronic Pain Grade Scale, Short Form-36 Bodily Pain Scale, and Measure of Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain,” Arthritis Care & Research, vol. 63, suppl. 11, pp. S240–S252, 2011, doi: 10.1002/acr.20543.

[17] A. Steinmetz, F. Hacke, and K.-S. Delank, “Pressure Pain Thresholds and Central Sensitization in Relation to Psychosocial Predictors of Chronicity in Low Back Pain,” Diagnostics, vol. 13, no. 4, Art. no. 786, 2023, doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13040786.

[18] C. C. Norkin and D. J. White, Measurement of Joint Motion: A Guide to Goniometry, 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA, USA: F. A. Davis Company, 2017.