A Comparative Study of the Nephroprotective Effects of Vildagliptin and Sitagliptin against Gentamicin-induced Nephrotoxicity in Rabbits

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the nephroprotective effects of sitagliptin and vildagliptin on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rabbits.

Materials and Methods: We divided 12 rabbits into four groups (3 per group): 1- Control group (saline only), 2- Diseased group (gentamicin only), 3- Treatment group I (sitagliptin + gentamicin), and 4- Treatment group II (vildagliptin + gentamicin). Serum creatinine was measured, and histopathological study was conducted.

Results: Gentamicin significantly elevated serum creatinine and induced inflammation and edema in renal cells. While both sitagliptin and vildagliptin mitigated nephrotoxicity, vildagliptin demonstrated better results, with significantly lower creatinine levels (p=0.000) and better renal histological improvement.

Conclusions: Vildagliptin exhibits stronger nephroprotective effects than sitagliptin against gentamicin-induced renal injury, likely due to its stronger anti-inflammatory properties. These results suggest that vildagliptin is preferable for patients at high risk of drug-induced nephrotoxicity, particularly those with diabetes.