تقييم فعاليّة مستضد البروستات النوعي (PSA) كواسم ورمي في الكشف عن سرطان البروستات لدى عينة من المرضى السوريين

عبد الكريم مغمومة; عبد القادر شرفو; تميم الأحدب; عيسى محمد

doi:10.5281/zenodo.20374306

Authors

Dr. Abdalkreem Maghmomeh Al Wataniya Private University
Abdalkader Sharfo Al Wataniya Private University
Tameem Al-Ahdab Al Wataniya Private University
Essa Mohammad Al Wataniya Private University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20374306

Keywords:

Prostate Cancer (PC), Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), Sensitivity, Specificity

Abstract

Prostate cancer (PC) is a hormone-dependent malignant tumor often originating from epithelial cells in the prostate gland. It is the second most common cancer among men and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Its variable clinical behavior makes early detection critical to improving prognosis. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a key tumor marker used in diagnosis and follow-up. This study evaluated the PSA test’s effectiveness in detecting PC and analyzed its relationship with tumor stage, age, smoking, and body mass index (BMI). Fifty participants (25 patients and 25 healthy individuals) were included to assess diagnostic performance; correlations with clinical variables were analyzed in confirmed cancer patients only. The total PSA test showed 96% sensitivity and 88% specificity at a 4 ng/ml threshold. A significant positive correlation was found between PSA and both tumor stage and age; no significant correlation was found with smoking, and a slight inverse correlation was noted with BMI. These results suggest PSA is effective for early PC detection when used alongside complementary diagnostic tools to support clinical decision-making

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] P. Rawla, “Epidemiology of prostate cancer,” World Journal of Oncology, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 63–89, 2019.

[2] Global Cancer Observatory, Cancer Today. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2022.

[3] National Cancer Institute, Causes and Prevention of Prostate Cancer, 2024.

[4] American Cancer Society, Cancer Stages: Prostate Cancer, 2023.

[5] N. Mottet, R. C. N. van den Bergh, E. Briers, et al., EAU Guidelines on Prostate Cancer. European Association of Urology, 2023.

[6] W. G. Nelson, A. M. De Marzo, and W. B. Isaacs, “Prostate cancer,” New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 349, no. 4, pp. 366–381, 2003.

[7] H. B. Carter, P. C. Albertsen, M. J. Barry, R. Etzioni, S. J. Freedland, K. L. Greene, et al., “Early detection of prostate cancer: AUA guideline,” Journal of Urology, vol. 190, no. 2, pp. 419–426, 2013.

[8] Y. Zhou, L. Tao, J. Qiu, et al., “Tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy,” Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, vol. 9, Art. no. 132, 2024.

[9] M. K. David and S. W. Leslie, “Prostate-specific antigen,” in StatPearls. Treasure Island, FL, USA: StatPearls Publishing, 2025. Updated: Sep. 10, 2024.

[10] M. M. Garrido, R. M. Bernardino, J. C. Marta, S. Holdenrieder, and J. T. Guimarães, “Tumour markers in prostate cancer: The post-prostate-specific antigen era,” Annals of Clinical Biochemistry, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 46–58, 2021.

[11] J. Y. Teoh, S. K. Yuen, J. H. Tsu, et al., “The performance characteristics of prostate-specific antigen and prostate-specific antigen density in Chinese men,” Asian Journal of Andrology, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 113–116, 2017.

[12] H. H. Jen, W. J. Chang, C. Y. Hsu, et al., “Sojourn-time-corrected receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for prostate specific antigen (PSA) test in population-based prostate cancer screening,” Scientific Reports, vol. 10, Art. no. 20665, 2020.

[13] S. Remmers, C. H. Bangma, R. A. Godtman, et al., “Relationship between baseline prostate-specific antigen on cancer detection and prostate cancer death: Long-term follow-up from the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer,” European Urology, vol. 84, no. 5, pp. 503–509, 2023.

[14] Y. L. Ou, M. H. Yang, C. C. Kao, E. Meng, J. L. Chen, C. W. Tsao, et al., “Body mass weighted prostate-specific antigen levels, new markers to predict locally advanced prostate cancer after prostatectomy,” Journal of the Chinese Medical Association, vol. 87, no. 8, pp. 799–802, 2024.

[15] S. Harrison, K. Tilling, E. L. Turner, et al., “Systematic review and meta-analysis of the associations between body mass index, prostate cancer, advanced prostate cancer, and prostate-specific antigen,” Cancer Causes & Control, vol. 31, no. 5, pp. 431–449, 2020.

[16] C. P. Shu, M. J. Tchinde, T. G. J. Sop, S. A. Ndonku, and P. I. Juma, “Correlation between total prostate specific antigen and histological grading of prostate cancer in Kenyan mission hospital: A five-year retrospective review,” BMC Urology, vol. 25, no. 1, Art. no. 112, 2025.

[17] B. A. Mahal, A. A. Aizer, J. A. Efstathiou, and P. L. Nguyen, “Association of very low prostate-specific antigen levels with increased cancer-specific death in men with high-grade prostate cancer,” Cancer, vol. 122, pp. 78–83, 2016.

[18] G. Rubio Romero, A. Weinstein, V. Friedl, et al., “Clinical and genomic hallmarks of low PSA secretors in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC),” Journal of Clinical Oncology, vol. 37, no. 15_suppl, p. 5051, 2019.

[19] C. De Nunzio, G. L. Andriole, I. M. Thompson Jr., and S. J. Freedland, “Smoking and prostate cancer: A systematic review,” European Urology Focus, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 28–38, 2015.

[20] H. He, L. Liang, T. Tian, X. Zhang, and J. Lyu, “Effect of smoking on prostate cancer: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2018 and Mendelian randomization analyses,” Tobacco Induced Diseases, vol. 22, p. 100, 2024.

[21] I. M. Harmatz, K. Y. Alkhatib, M. Leff, et al., “Prostate-specific antigen screening in smokers: A comprehensive analysis using a national behavioral survey,” Urology Practice, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 547–556, 2024.