التصوير الشعاعي للعينات البيولوجية بالأشعة السينية الصادرة عن البلازما المحرقية

[1] S. Auluck, P. Kubes, M. Paduch, M. J. Sadowski, V. I. Krauz, S. Lee, L. Soto, M. Scholz, R. Miklaszewski, H. Schmidt, et al., “Update on the scientific status of the plasma focus,” Plasma, vol. 4, pp. 450–669, 2021.

[2] M. Liu, “Soft X-rays from compact plasma focus,” Ph.D. dissertation, School of Science, Nanyang Technological University, Dec. 1996.

[3] A. Bernard, “Plasma focus and its applications,” Science (in French), pp. 836–872, 2003.

[4] L. Soto, “New trends and future perspectives on plasma focus research,” Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion, vol. 47, pp. A361–A381, 2005.

[5] L. Soto, P. Silva, J. Moreno, G. Silvester, M. Zambra, C. Pavez, L. Altamirano, H. Bruzzone, M. Barbaglia, Y. Sidelnikov, and W. Kies, “Research on pinch plasma focus devices of hundred of kilojoules to tens of joules,” Braz. J. Phys., vol. 34, no. 4B, Dec. 2004.

[6] L. Soto, P. Silva, J. Moreno, A. Clausse, and W. Kies, “A very small plasma focus operating at tens of joules,” in Proc. 14th BEAMS Conf. and 5th Dense Z-Pinches Conf., Albuquerque, NM, USA, Jun. 23–28, 2002.

[7] L. Jakubowski and M. J. Sadowski, “Hot-spots in plasma-focus discharges as intense sources of different radiation pulses,” Braz. J. Phys., vol. 32, no. 1, p. 187, Mar. 2002.

[8] M. Sharif, S. Hussain, M. Zakaullah, and A. Waheed, “Study of the X-ray emission scaling law in a low energy plasma focus,” Plasma Sources Sci. Technol., vol. 13, pp. B7–B13, 2004.

[9] M. Zakaullah, K. Alamgir, M. Shafiq, M. Sharif, A. Waheed, and G. Murtaza, “Low-energy plasma focus as a tailored X-ray source,” J. Fusion Energy, vol. 19, no. 2, Jun. 2000.

[10] M. S. Rafique, A. Serban, P. Lee, and S. Lee, “Neutron and soft X-ray emission from plasma focus,” in Proc. 26th EPS Conf. Contr. Fusion Plasma Phys., Maastricht, The Netherlands, Jun. 14–18, 1999, ECA, vol. 23J, pp. 1249–1252, 1999.

[11] V. Zoita, R. Presura, I. Paraschiv, A. Patran, M. Cengher, and C. Filip, “X-ray emission characteristics of focus plasmas,” in Proc. 4th Int. Workshop and School “Towards Fusion Energy—Plasma Physics, Diagnostics, Applications”, Poland, Jun. 7–13, 2004.

[12] M. Venere, C. H. Moreno, A. Clausse, R. Barbuzza, and M. Del Fresno, “Tomographic system based on plasma focus X-rays,” Nukleonika, vol. 46, Suppl. 1, pp. S93–S94, 2001.

[13] S. Hussain, M. Shafiq, R. Ahmad, A. Waheed, and M. Zakaullah, “Plasma focus as a possible X-ray source for radiography,” Plasma Sources Sci. Technol., vol. 14, pp. 61–69, 2005.

[14] S. Hussain, M. Zakaullah, S. Ali, S. H. Bhatti, and A. Waheed, “X-ray enhancement from a plasma focus by inserting lead at the anode tip,” Phys. Lett. A, vol. 319, pp. 181–187, 2003.

[15] S. Hussain, M. Zakaullah, S. Ali, and A. Waheed, “Low energy plasma focus as an intense X-ray source for radiography,” Plasma Sci. Technol., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 2296–2300, 2004.

[16] M. Zakaullah et al., “Characteristics of X-ray from a plasma focus operated with neon gas,” Plasma Sources Sci. Technol., vol. 11, pp. 377–382, 2002.

[17] A. Da Re, F. Mezzetti, A. Tartari, G. Verri, and V. A. Gribkov, “Preliminary study on X-ray source from plasma focus device for fast radiography,” Nukleonika, vol. 46, Suppl. 1, pp. S123–S125, 2001.

[18] V. Raspa, L. Sigaut, R. Llovera, P. Cobelli, P. Knoblauch, R. Vieytes, A. Clausse, and C. Moreno, “Plasma focus as a powerful hard X-ray source for ultra fast imaging of moving metallic objects,” Braz. J. Phys., vol. 34, no. 4B, Dec. 2004.

[19] C. Moreno, M. Venere, R. Barbuzza, M. Del Fresno, R. Ramos, H. Bruzzone, F. P. J. Gonzalez, and A. Clausse, “Industrial applications of plasma focus radiation,” Braz. J. Phys., vol. 32, no. 1, Mar. 2002.

[20] C. H. Moreno, A. Clausse, J. F. Martinez, R. Llovera, and A. Tartaglione, “Ultrafast X-ray introspective imaging of metallic objects using a plasma focus,” Nukleonika, vol. 46, Suppl. 1, pp. S33–S34, 2001.

[21] K. S. T. Gan, R. S. Rawat, R. V. Ramanujan, P. Lee, A. Patran, T. L. Tan, S. V. Springham, and S. Lee, “Deposition of nano-phase FeCo thin films using plasma focus device,” in Proc. 31st EPS Conf. Plasma Phys., London, U.K., Jun. 28–Jul. 2, 2004, ECA, vol. 28G, P-1.032, 2004.

[22] R. S. Rawat, T. Zhang, C. B. L. Phua, J. X. Y. Then, K. A. Chandra, X. Lin, A. Patran, and P. Lee, “Effect of insulator sleeve length on soft X-ray emission from a neon-filled plasma focus device,” Plasma Sources Sci. Technol., vol. 13, pp. 569–575, 2004.

[23] J. Y. Tan, S. Kanesan, A. C. Patran, R. S. Rawat, and P. Lee, “Investigation of X-rays ~5–30 keV from a 3 kJ dense plasma focus using silicon detectors,” in Proc. 30th EPS Conf. Contr. Fusion Plasma Phys., St. Petersburg, Russia, Jul. 7–11, 2003, ECA, vol. 27A, P-2.62, 2003.

[24] R. Antanasijevi et al., “Radiography by soft X-rays from plasma focus device,” Nuclear Tracks in Solids, Nuclear Society of Slovenia, 2000.

[25] M. Zakaullah, K. Alamgir, M. Shafiq, M. Sharif, and A. Waheed, “Scope of plasma focus with argon as a soft X-ray source,” IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., vol. 30, no. 6, Dec. 2002.

[26] S. Al-Hawat, M. Akel, and S. Shaaban, “X-ray intensity measurements in 2.8 kJ plasma focus device operated with argon using a five channel diode spectrometer,” J. Fusion Energy, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 163–171, 2015.

[27] S. Al-Hawat, M. Akel, and C. S. Wong, “X-ray emission from argon plasma focus contaminated with copper impurities in AECS PF-2 using five channel diode spectrometer,” J. Fusion Energy, vol. 30, no. 6, p. 503, 2011.

[28] A. Patran, L. C. Tan, D. Stoenescu, M. S. Rafique, R. S. Rawat, S. V. Springham, T. L. Tan, P. Lee, M. Zakaullah, and S. Lee, “Spectral study of the electron beam emitted from a 3 kJ plasma focus,” Plasma Sources Sci. Technol., vol. 14, pp. 549–560, 2005.

[29] M. Zakaullah, K. Alamgir, M. Shafiq, S. M. Hassan, M. Sharif, and A. Waheed, “Enhanced copper K-alpha radiation from a low-energy plasma focus,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 78, no. 7, Feb. 2001.

[30] S. Hussain, S. Ahmad, M. Z. Khan, M. Zakaullah, and A. Waheed, “Plasma focus as a high intensity flash X-ray source for biological radiography,” J. Fusion Energy, vol. 22, no. 3, Sep. 2003.

[31] R. S. Rawat, T. Zhang, G. J. Lim, W. H. Tan, S. J. Ng, A. Patran, S. M. Hassan, S. V. Springham, T. L. Tan, M. Zakaullah, P. Lee, and S. Lee, “Soft X-ray imaging using a neon-filled plasma focus X-ray source,” J. Fusion Energy, vol. 23, no. 1, Mar. 2004.

[32] F. Castillo-Mejía, M. Milanese, M. Moroso, J. Pouzo, and M. Santiago, “Research on dense plasma focus hard X-ray emission with scintillator-photomultiplier and thermoluminescent detectors measurements,” in Proc. EPS Plasma Physics Division (EPS-PPD), EPFL, Switzerland, 1998.

[33] S. Hussain, M. Shafiq, and M. Zakaullah, “Tailoring a plasma focus as hard X-ray source for imaging,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 96, Art. no. 031501, 2010.

[34] M. A. Tafreshi and E. Saeedzadeh, “Studies of the hard X-ray emission from the Filippov type plasma focus device, Dena,” J. Fusion Energy, vol. 25, no. 3–4, Dec. 2006.

[35] F. Castillo, I. Gamboa-deBuen, J. J. E. Herrera, J. Rangel, and S. Villalobos, “High contrast radiography using a small dense plasma focus,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 92, Art. no. 051502, 2008.