Green Mortar with Glass Powder
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20266552Keywords:
Green Concrete, Glass Powder, compressive strength, flexural strengthAbstract
The search for new sustainable building materials is a major focus in civil engineering. Recent research trends include numerous attempts to add glass powder to concrete mixes, but the results of these studies have varied, necessitating further investigation. This research aims to develop a new methodology for studying the effect of glass powder on mortar properties, specifically its strength and workability. The study focuses on the impact of partially replacing cement with ground glass powder on concrete's compressive and flexural strength. Several mixes, with varying percentages of glass powder (5%, 10%, 20%, and 30%), were prepared and compared to a reference sample without glass. Tests were conducted at 7 and 28 days.
The results showed a decrease in compressive strength at the 5% and 10% replacement levels due to a reduction in the amount of active cement and the absorption of some mixing water by the glass, which weakened the hydration reactions. At 20%, the strength improved slightly due to the onset of the pozzolanic reaction, but the values remained lower than those of the reference sample. Similarly, flexural strength initially decreased at 5% and then gradually increased at 10% and 20% due to improved internal distribution and the emergence of the pozzolanic reaction of the glass with hydration products.
Downloads
References
[1] B. V. V. Reddy and K. S. Jagadish, “Embodied energy of common and alternative building materials and technologies,” Energy and Buildings, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 129–137, 2003, doi: 10.1016/S0378-7788(01)00141-4.
[2] J. S. Damtoft, J. Lukasik, D. Herfort, D. Sorrentino, and E. M. Gartner, “Sustainable development and climate change initiatives,” Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 115–127, 2008, doi: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.09.008.
[3] S. Karthik, P. Rao, P. Awoyera, R. Gobinath, and R. Karri, “Alkalinity and strength properties of concrete containing macro silica and ground granulated blast furnace slag,” IET Digital Library, p. 4, 2018.
[4] P. Murthi, P. Awoyera, P. Selvaraj, D. Dharsana, and R. Gobinath, “Using silica mineral waste as aggregate in a green high strength concrete: Workability, strength, failure mode, and morphology assessment,” Australian Journal of Civil Engineering, pp. 1–7, 2018, doi: 10.1080/14488353.2018.1472539.
[5] V. Karthika, P. O. Awoyera, I. I. Akinwumi, R. Gobinath, R. Gunasekaran, and N. Lokesh, “Structural properties of lightweight self-compacting concrete made with pumice stone and mineral admixtures,” Revista Română de Materiale / Romanian Journal of Materials, vol. 48, pp. 208–213, 2018.
[6] S. Anandaraj, J. Rooby, P. O. Awoyera, and R. Gobinath, “Structural distress in glass fibre-reinforced concrete under loading and exposure to aggressive environments,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 197, pp. 862–870, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.06.090.
[7] G. P. Hammond and C. I. Jones, “Embodied energy and carbon in construction materials,” Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers—Energy, vol. 161, no. 2, pp. 87–98, 2008, doi: 10.1680/ener.2008.161.2.87.
[8] P. O. Awoyera, J. O. Akinmusuru, and J. M. Ndambuki, “Green concrete production with ceramic wastes and laterite,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 117, pp. 29–36, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.04.108.
[9] C. Frassine, C. Rohde, and S. Hirzel, “Energy saving options for industrial furnaces: The example of the glass industry,” in ECEEE Industrial Summer Study Proceedings, 2016.
[10] V. Corinaldesi, G. Gnappi, G. Moriconi, and A. Montenero, “Reuse of ground waste glass as aggregate for mortars,” Waste Management, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 197–201, 2005.
[11] M. Garside, “Glass industry statistics & facts,” Statista, 2019.
[12] C. Perry, Glass Sector: Joint Industry—Government Industrial Decarbonisation and Energy Efficiency Roadmap Action Plan. London, U.K.: BEIS, 2017.
[13] G. Vinci, F. D’Ascenzo, A. Esposito, M. Musarra, M. Rapa, and A. Rocchi, “A sustainable innovation in the Italian glass production: LCA and Eco-Care matrix evaluation,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 223, pp. 587–595, 2019.
[14] Q. Wu, L. Zeng, and Q. Zhou, “Phase I monitoring of optical profiles with application in low-emittance glass manufacturing,” Journal of Quality Technology, vol. 50, pp. 262–278, 2018.
[15] E. Dawood and M. Abdullah, “Performance of green RPC containing nanoparticles and reinforced with hybrid fibers used for repairing damaged concrete,” Case Studies in Construction Materials, vol. 13, Art. no. e00428, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.cscm.2020.e00428.
[16] M. Barbuta, R. Bucur, A. A. Serbanoiu, S. Scutarasu, and A. Burlacu, “Combined effect of fly ash and fibers on properties of cement concrete,” Procedia Engineering, vol. 181, pp. 280–284, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.02.390.
[17] L. F. Jochem, C. A. Casagrande, L. Onghero, C. Venâncio, and P. J. P. Gleize, “Effect of partial replacement of the cement by glass waste on cementitious pastes,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 273, Art. no. 121704, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121704.
[18] R. Wattanapornprom and B. Stitmannaithum, “Comparison of properties of fresh and hardened concrete containing finely ground glass powder, fly ash, or silica fume,” Engineering Journal, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 35–48, 2015, doi: 10.4186/ej.2015.19.3.35.
[19] J. Khatib, A. Jahami, A. Elkordi, and O. Baalbaki, “Structural performance of reinforced concrete beams containing plastic waste caps,” Magazine of Civil Engineering, vol. 91, no. 7, pp. 73–79, 2019, doi: 10.18720/MCE.91.7.
[20] N. D. Bheel, S. K. Mahro, Z. H. Shaikh, R. A. Abbasi, I. A. Shar, and A. A. Dayo, “Effect of waste glass powder on the fresh and hardened properties of concrete,” ResearchGate, 2020.
[21] J. M. Khatib, A. Jahami, A. Elkordi, H. Abdelgader, and M. Sonebi, “Structural assessment of reinforced concrete beams incorporating waste plastic straws,” Environments, vol. 7, no. 11, Art. no. 96, 2020, doi: 10.3390/environments7110096.
[22] S. Nasier, “Utilization of recycled form of concrete, e-wastes, glass, quarry rock dust and waste marble powder as reliable construction materials,” Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.381.
[23] M. Belouadah, Z. E. Abidine Rahmouni, and N. Tebbal, “Experimental characterization of ordinary concretes obtained by adding construction waste (glass, marble),” Procedia Computer Science, vol. 158, pp. 153–162, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2019.09.038.
[24] R. S. Al-Kizwini, “Reuse plastic and glass wastes as a partial replacement of concrete components,” Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 1109–1120, 2020.
[25] H. Al jaddou, “Environmental Costs and the Importance of Environmental Impact Assessments for Projects”, Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 69–82, Dec. 2024, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19643875.
[26] J. Khatib, A. Jahami, A. El Kordi, M. Sonebi, Z. Malek, R. Elchamaa, and S. Dakkour, “Effect of municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (MSWI-BA) on the structural performance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams,” Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology, 2021, doi: 10.1108/JEDT-01-2021-0068.
[27] B. Balasubramanian, G. V. T. Gopala Krishna, V. Saraswathy, and K. Srinivasan, “Experimental investigation on concrete partially replaced with waste glass powder and waste e-plastic,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 278, Art. no. 122400, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122400.
[28] J. M. Khatib, E. M. Negim, H. S. Sohl, and N. Chileshe, “Glass powder utilisation in concrete production,” European Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 173–176, 2012.
[29] G. Vijayakumar, H. Vishaliny, and D. Govindarajulu, “Studies on glass powder as partial replacement of cement in concrete production,” International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, vol. 3, no. 2, 2013.
[30] H. K. Ammash, S. M. Muhammed, and A. H. Nahhab, “Using of waste glass as fine aggregate in concrete,” Al-Qadisiya Journal for Engineering Sciences, vol. 2, no. 2, 2009.
[31] M. Mageswari and B. Vidivelli, “The use of sheet glass powder as fine aggregate replacement in concrete,” The Open Civil Engineering Journal, vol. 4, pp. 65–71, 2010.
[32] G. M. S. Islam, M. H. Rahman, and N. Kazi, “Waste glass powder as partial replacement of cement for sustainable concrete practice,” International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 37–44, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.ijsbe.2016.10.005.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
