صياغة وتقييم جل مضاد للالتهابات يحتوي على 2.5% خلاصة نبات القبار Capparis Spinosa

محمد فراس منّاع; نور عشيش; أسماء عارف; بدرية المشنتف; تسنيم نوري; تهاني الشمالي

doi:10.5281/zenodo.21469407

Authors

Dr. Mohammd Firas Mannaa Al Wataniya Private University
Nour Ashesh Al Wataniya Private University
Asma Alaref Al Wataniya Private University
Badria Almshntf Al Wataniya Private University
Tasnim Nori Al Wataniya Private University
Tahani Alshmali Al Wataniya Private University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21469407

Keywords:

Gel, Anti-inflammatory, Capparis Spinosa

Abstract

Musculoskeletal pain affects over 1.7 billion people worldwide, highlighting the need for safe and effective topical treatments. This study developed a topical gel containing methanolic extracts of Capparis spinosa using Carbopol 940 as a gelling agent and propylene glycol as a penetration enhancer. The gel demonstrated favorable physicochemical properties, including a moderate pH, suitable viscosity, good spreadability, and extrusion efficiency. A clinical pilot study with 11 volunteers applying the gel for one week showed a significant reduction in pain intensity measured by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and a significant increase in pressure pain threshold. No adverse skin reactions were reported, and participants expressed high satisfaction with the gel’s efficacy and usability. These findings suggest that Capparis spinosa gel is a promising natural topical analgesic with good safety and patient acceptability.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] A. C. Smith, M. S. Smith, R. P. Roach, B. R. Prine, M. W. Moser, K. W. Farmer, and J. R. Clugston, “Making Sense of Topical Pain Relief Options: Comparing Topical Analgesics in Efficacy and Safety,” Sports Health, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 843–852, 2025, doi: 10.1177/19417381241280593.

[2] S. Derry, P. J. Wiffen, E. A. Kalso, R. F. Bell, D. Aldington, T. Phillips, H. Gaskell, and R. A. Moore, “Topical analgesics for acute and chronic pain in adults—An overview of Cochrane Reviews,” Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, no. 5, Art. no. CD008609, 2017, doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008609.pub2.

[3] J. Patel, N. A. Patel, and T. Lal, “Formulation and Evaluation of an Anti-inflammatory Topical Polyherbal Gel,” Journal of Natural Remedies, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 555–564, 2023, doi: 10.18311/jnr/2023/32273.

[4] A. Nandabaram, M. Sudhakar, R. Nangunoori, D. Nadiminti, N. Naluvala, M. Nanded, and S. Panjala, “Formulation and Evaluation of an Anti-inflammatory Gel Containing 2.5% Capparis brevispina Extract,” World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 2141–2151, 2025, doi: 10.30574/wjarr.2025.25.3.0959.

[5] T. Saher, R. Manzoor, K. Abbas, J. Mudassir, M. A. Wazir, E. Ali, F. A. Siddique, A. Rasul, M. I. Qadir, A. Aleem, N. Qaiser, A. Usman, M. Romman, and M. S. Ali, “Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Two Hydrogel Formulations Comprising Polyherbal Extract,” Journal of Pain Research, vol. 15, pp. 1203–1219, 2022, doi: 10.2147/JPR.S351921.

[6] M. F. Mannaa, N. Ashesh, E. Alfatwa, E. Almustafa, B. Bakkarand . , H. Alshab, “In Vitro Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Capparis spinosa Using Protein Denaturation Inhibition method”, Journal of Al-Wataniya Private University, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 1–11, Dec. 24, 2025. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.20960807.

[7] H. Zhang and Z. F. Ma, “Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Capparis spinosa as a Medicinal Plant,” Nutrients, vol. 10, no. 2, Art. no. 116, 2018, doi: 10.3390/nu10020116.

[8] R. Rahnavard and N. Razavi, “A Review on the Medical Effects of Capparis spinosa L.,” Advanced Herbal Medicine, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 44–53, 2017.

[9] N. Tlili, W. Elfalleh, E. Saadaoui, A. Khaldi, S. Triki, and N. Nasri, “The Caper (Capparis L.): Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties,” Fitoterapia, vol. 82, no. 2, pp. 93–101, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.09.006.

[10] M. Moutia, K. El Azhary, A. Elouaddari, A. Al Jahid, J. Jamal Eddine, F. Seghrouchni, N. Habti, and A. Badou, “Capparis spinosa L. Promotes Anti-inflammatory Response in vitro Through the Control of Cytokine Gene Expression in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells,” BMC Immunology, vol. 17, Art. no. 26, 2016, doi: 10.1186/s12865-016-0164-x.

[11] A. S. Alqahtani, F. A. Nasr, M. Z. Ahmed, M. Y. Bin Mansour, A. A. Biksmawi, O. M. Noman, R. N. Herqash, M. Al-Zharani, A. A. Qurtam, and H. A. Rudayni, “In vitro Protective and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Capparis spinosa and Its Flavonoids Profile,” Open Chemistry, vol. 21, no. 1, Art. no. 20230186, 2023, doi: 10.1515/chem-2023-0186.

[12] A. M. Panico, V. Cardile, F. Garufi, C. Puglia, F. Bonina, and G. Ronsisvalle, “Protective Effect of Capparis spinosa on Chondrocytes,” Life Sciences, vol. 77, no. 20, pp. 2479–2488, 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2004.12.051.

[13] Y. Yahia, M. A. Benabderrahim, N. Tlili, H. Hannachi, L. Ayadi, and W. Elfalleh, “Comparison of Three Extraction Protocols for the Characterization of Caper (Capparis spinosa L.) Leaf Extracts: Evaluation of Phenolic Acids and Flavonoids by Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Ionization–Tandem Mass Spectrometry and the Antioxidant Activity,” Analytical Letters, vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 1366–1377, 2020, doi: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1706546.

[14] P. Kumari and S. Bais, “Formulation and Pharmacological Evaluation of Herbal Gel Containing Curcuma longa,” INNOSC Theranostics and Pharmacological Sciences, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1–6, 2022, doi: 10.36922/itps.287.

[15] R. Aiyalu, A. Govindarjan, and A. Ramasamy, “Formulation and Evaluation of Topical Herbal Gel for the Treatment of Arthritis in Animal Model,” Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 493–507, 2016, doi: 10.1590/S1984-82502016000300015.

[16] G. A. Hawker, S. Mian, T. Kendzerska, and M. French, “Measures of Adult Pain: Visual Analog Scale for Pain, Numeric Rating Scale for Pain, McGill Pain Questionnaire, Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, Chronic Pain Grade Scale, Short Form-36 Bodily Pain Scale, and Measure of Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain,” Arthritis Care & Research, vol. 63, suppl. 11, pp. S240–S252, 2011, doi: 10.1002/acr.20543.

[17] A. Steinmetz, F. Hacke, and K.-S. Delank, “Pressure Pain Thresholds and Central Sensitization in Relation to Psychosocial Predictors of Chronicity in Low Back Pain,” Diagnostics, vol. 13, no. 4, Art. no. 786, 2023, doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13040786.

[18] C. C. Norkin and D. J. White, Measurement of Joint Motion: A Guide to Goniometry, 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA, USA: F. A. Davis Company, 2017.